Review of state-of-the-art decision support systems (DSSs) for prevention and suppression of forest fires
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Abstract:
Forest ecosystems are our priceless natural resource and are a key component of the global carbon budget. Forest fires can be a hazard to the viability and sustainable management of forests with consequences for natural and cultural environments, economies, and the life quality of local and regional populations. Thus, the selection of strategies to manage forest fires, while considering both functional and economic efficiency, is of primary importance. The use of decision support systems (DSSs) by managers of forest fires has rapidly increased. This has strengthened capacity to prevent and suppress forest fires while protecting human lives and property. DSSs are a tool that can benefit incident management and decision making and policy, especially for emergencies such as natural disasters. In this study we reviewed state-of-the-art DSSs that use: database management systems and mathematical/economic algorithms for spatial optimization of firefighting forces; forest fire simulators and satellite technology for immediate detection and prediction of evolution of forest fires; GIS platforms that incorporate several tools to manipulate, process and analyze geographic data and develop strategic and operational plans.Keywords:
Ecosystem Management
In the second part of the article the basic types of representation of different geoinformation models of forest ecosystem, possibilities of use of concrete type of models depending on tasks for the decision maker are considered. Some goals of forest geoinformation modeling are considered. This part of the article describes both the geographic information modeling process and the three types of forest ecosystem representation formed. The main tools of the process of geoinformation modeling of forest ecosystems are described and the possibilities of applying models at different levels of their representation.
Representation
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This paper summarizes the creation background,concept,intension and implement course of forest ecosystem management as well as domestic and foreign forest ecosystem management practice,it analyses the principal problems faced by forest ecosystem management at present,it raises countermeasures for carrying out the forest ecosystem management in our country.
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Abstract Forest ecosystem management and ecosystem health are two related but different concepts. This paper expounds the origin, development, evaluation and research progress of ecosystem health, the difference between forest ecosystem management and traditional forest management science, and discusses the relationship between forest ecosystem management and ecosystem health, and holds that: 1) the health of forest ecosystem should be the goal pursued by forest ecosystem management; 2) Ecosystem health theory provides theoretical basis for specific measures of forest ecosystem management; 3) Forest ecosystem management measures also provide necessary means to maintain the health of forest ecosystem. In order to realize sustainable forest management, the goal of forest management should be changed from the traditional priority of utilization to the direction of emphasizing the health of forest ecosystem, which is the necessary prerequisite for sustainable development of ecological, economic and social benefits of forests.
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The combination of GIS(Geographic Information System) and fire fighting control is one advanced and new technology in the city fire fighting management department. In this paper, Fire Fighting Geographic Information System (Briefly FGIS) has been researched and designed to meet the needs of fire fighting control based on the function of GIS. Designing of the data contents and data organization for FGIS has been discussed. Meanwhile, the functions of FGIS are also introduced combined with the specific example.
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Forest ecosystem management was different and relative to ecosystem health.The origin,development and assessment of ecosystem health were described,and the difference of forest ecosystem management and classical forest management were stated.Furthermore,the relations between forest ecosystem management and ecosystem health were dissertated,including: ①forest ecosystem health should be an objective of forest ecosystem management;②ecosystem health theory was theoretical basis of specific measures of forest ecosystem management;③the specific measures of forest ecosystem management would provide necessary means to keep forest ecosystem health.In order to promote sustainable management of forest and ecological,economic,social benefit from forest,the change of management target of forest from using to keeping forest ecosystem health was an essential prerequisite.
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The greatest advance in ecosystem research was made in the last century. The development and acceptance of forest ecology by foresters occurred because it provided a means for recognizing, understanding, classifying and mapping the natural variation of forests. Forest ecology involved studies at the individual, population, community, and ecosystem levels but such studies always needed to involve the ecosystem concept. Today, the new concept of "ecosystem and landscape forestry" integrating ecological and socio-economic research has been developed on the basis of EU COST Action E-25 European Network for a Long-term Forest Ecosystem and Landscape Research Programme. An analysis has been carried out of the present situation in forest research in the Czech Republic. The need for forest ecosystem and landscape research is obvious.
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Ecosystem management,which has rapidly gained attention in American forest management since the early 1990 s,gradually formed a new paradigm which focus on human beings and integrate a variety of forest values according to the needs of society. Forest ecosystem management provides a new perspective for forest management,with the guidance of a series of laws,regulations and strategic planning,becoming the techniques to design management towards the production of multiple values on a sustainable basis without jeopardizing the ecosystem health and integrity. This paper traces the evolution of American forest ecosystem management,and summarizes the evolution of relevant laws,regulations system and forestry management practices,aiming to illustrate the guiding role of development of American forest ecosystem management in its forestry practices.
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