Effect of preparation process on properties of PLZT (9/65/35) transparent ceramics
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Transparent ceramics
Relative density
Hysteresis
Lead zirconate titanate
We discuss major factors responsible for obtaining transparent Nd3+:YAG ceramic, a prospective material for laser applications. The relationship between the properties of starting nanopowders and the transmittance of specimens sintered at the different "ramp-soak" conditions was established by means of spectroscopic, structural, and electronic microscopy studies. It was found, that sample's transmittance (in some cases) depends on the duration of the holding time at the sintering stage. This result is promising for obtaining laser quality materials. It also contributes to basic understanding of the processes underlying fabrication of transparent laser ceramic.
Transparent ceramics
Selective laser sintering
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The hydrothermal method to deposit lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin film is a new method reported by Tsurumi et al. . in 1991. This method consists of two linked processes. We have found that the film deposited by the first process is not PZT but separated lead zirconate (PZ) and lead titanate (PT). In this paper, we report that a PZT thin film was successfully deposited by a single process. The chemical construction and composition of the film were analyzed. The Zr/(Zr+Ti) ratio of the PZT film was controlled by changing the ionic composition of the solution.
Lead zirconate titanate
Zirconate
Lead titanate
Lead (geology)
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This paper reports on the influence of rapid rate sintering (RRS) on densification and microstructure evolution of yttria transparent ceramics by using vacuum sintering. The presence of temperature gradient has been confirmed during the RRS process. The higher the heating rate (HR), the larger the temperature gradient in the samples would be. By using RRS, e.g., HR = 40°C/min, the samples could be densified very fast to a relative density of 99.6%. However, these samples could not be further densified, due to the presence of difference in densification caused by a heating rate‐induced temperature gradient. By using a two‐step RRS with an intermediate‐temperature thermal treatment, this problem has been successfully addressed. The intermediate‐temperature treatment allowed for the particle neck growth, so that effective thermal conductivity of the compacts was increased greatly. Therefore, the temperature gradient and differentiate densification were effectively prevented. Samples sintered using the two‐step RRS process could be fully densified and excellent in‐line optical transmittance was achieved. It is believed this strategy is applicable to other transparent ceramics, as well as other engineering ceramics.
Relative density
Transparent ceramics
Temperature Gradient
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Using Al2O3,Y2O3,Nd2O3 as raw material,TEOS as sintering aids,a certain optical transmission rate of 1at%Nd:YAG ceramics was synthesized by the solid state reaction at 1700 ℃ for 5 h.In this paper,by changing the content of TEOS incorporation,mainly studies the effects of porosity,relative density,grain size in Nd:YAG ceramic.Research shows that,TEOS form liquid phase in the sintering process to provide a liquid phase sintering environment for the sintering of Nd:YAG ceramics.With the increase of TEOS content,less pores generated,and relative density increase obviously.However,when the TEOS content exceeds a certain amount,the second phase dissolve out in the grain boundary,seriously affect the performance of ceramic.
Relative density
Transparent ceramics
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In this paper,the recent progress of transparent AION ceramics was described.The preparation,transmittance-related factors,application and the latest status of transparent AION ceramics were studied in detail.It indicates that transparent AlON ceramics have been developed to be the focus of corresponding material science and military field all over the world.Preparation of transparent AlON ceramics with high transmittance is the key factor that confines the development in this field in our country.
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Y2O3 ceramics has various applications. Choosing raw powders and control of their properties is crucial for obtaining full transparency. In this research, the influence of the milling conditions of Y2O3 powders on the characteristic of vacuum-sintered ceramics was studied. The milling was performed at a rate of 80-300 rpm for 1-22 h. It was found that milling at 300 rpm for 1 h gives the most promising nano-sized Y2O3 powder. The highest transmittance among obtained samples is 78.3% (1100 nm).
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High transmittance of Nd-doped YAG transparent ceramics were synthesized by a traditional solid-state reactive sintering method. The crystalline and the optical properties of the samples were investigated. The results show the relative density and transmittance of Nd-doped YAG ceramics depended on the sintering time and temperature. The maximum transmittance of Nd:YAG ceramics is above 90%. All the transparent Nd:YAG ceramics present a main emission peak at 1064.5 nm, which is in accord with Nd:YAG single crystal.
Transparent ceramics
Relative density
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In this work, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used to model ferroelectric hysteresis using data measured from soft lead zirconate titanate [Pb (Zr1−xTix)O3 or PZT] ceramics as an application. Data from experiments were split into training, testing and validation dataset. Four ANN models were developed separately to predict output of the hysteresis area, remnant, coercivity and squareness. Each model has two neurons in the input layer, which represent field amplitude and field frequency. The ANNs were trained with varying number of hidden layer and number of neurons in each layer to find the best network architecture with highest accuracy. After the networks have been trained, they were used to predict hysteresis properties of the unseen testing patterns of input. The predicted and the testing data were found to match very well which suggests the ANN success in modeling ferroelectric hysteresis properties obtained from experiments.
Lead zirconate titanate
Hysteresis
Ferroelectric ceramics
Zirconate
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Transparent ceramics
Spark Plasma Sintering
Dwell time
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The transparent β-Si3N4 ceramic was prepared by hot-pressing at 2 000 ℃ for 26 h,with MgSiN2 as additives.The result of XRD showed that the ceramic was composed of pure β-Si3N4.The transmittance of the transparent β-Si3N4 ceramic gradually increased with the increase of wavelength and achieved the maximum transmittance of 70% at the wavelength of about 2.5 μm.The transmittance value keeps higher than 60% in the range of 0.7-4.0 μm wavelength and the cut-off wavelength of this β-Si3N4ceramic is located at 5.0 μm.
Transparent ceramics
Hot pressing
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