Efficacy of Herbicides against Weeds in Transplanted Wet Season Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)
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Comparative efficacy of different herbicides against weeds in transplanted kharif rice was studied atAgricultural Farm of Institute of Agriculture, Visva Bharati,Sriniketan, West Bengal.The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with 9 treatments and 3 replications.The results revealed that the major weed flora associated with the transplanted rice during kharif season was mainly comprised of Echinochloa colona, Cyperus iria L., Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn.and Ludwigia parvifloraRoxb.Bispyribac sodium @30 g a.i ha - 1 applied at 25 days after transplanting was most effective to check all types of weed population and their growth.This treatment also gave the maximum grain yield (5549 kg ha -1 ) and straw yield (5991 kgha -1 ) of rice resulting in lowest weed index (5.61%) among chemical herbicide treated plots.The highest grain and straw yield value as observed with application of bispyribac sodium @ 30 g a.i ha -1 was statistically at par with that of bispyribac sodium @ 25 g a.i ha -1 at 25 DAT.Therefore, bispyribac sodium @ 25 g a.i ha -1 applied at 25 days after transplanting may be recommended for weed management in transplanted kharif rice.Keywords:
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Cereal rye as a cover crop is often used to improve soil health and as part of integrated weed management programs. Despite this, cereal rye biomass is often not managed for optimal weed suppression. This study evaluated the effects of managing cereal rye as part of an integrated weed management strategy in soybean. Factors consisted of levels of cereal rye management (no cereal rye, no nitrogen, or 20 kg/ha of nitrogen); cereal rye termination timing (20 or 10 d before soybean planting); and residual herbicide treatment applied at cereal rye termination (with or without). Winter annual weed control with cereal rye was generally greater compared to no cereal rye. Winter annual weed control was consistently better when cereal rye was terminated at 20 d before soybean planting compared to 10 d; while summer annual weed control was improved if termination was delayed. Effect of cereal rye management on summer annual weed control varied by weed species. In the absence of residual herbicides, Palmer amaranth control responded to the different levels of cereal rye management. However, morningglory spp. only responded to rye with supplemental N applications. Large crabgrass control was similar for treatments containing cereal rye, regardless of nitrogen input. Our results demonstrate the importance of cover crop management when incorporating cereal rye into an integrated weed management program for soybean.
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Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKey words: Acid soilAluminumCitrateOrganic acidOryza sativa L.RiceRoot apex
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Recent studies have shown that rice consumption can be an important pathway of methylmercury (MeHg) exposure to humans in Hg mining areas and also in certain inland areas of Southwestern China. The seed of rice has the highest ability to accumulate MeHg compared to other tissues. The main objective of this study was to investigate the process of (MeHg) accumulation in rice seed (Oryza sativa L.) by monitoring MeHg levels in specific tissues of rice plants experiencing various levels of Hg multisource pollution during a full rice growing season. Four groups of experimental plantations were utilized, distributed among a rural artisanal Hg production site and a regional background control site. Our results suggest that the newly deposited Hg is more readily transformed to MeHg and accumulated in rice plants than Hg forms with an extended residence time in soil, and soil is the potential source of MeHg in the tissues of rice plants. MeHg in soil was first absorbed by roots and then translocated to the above-ground parts (leaf and stalk). During the full rice growing season only a very small amount of MeHg was retained in the root section. In the premature plant, the majority of MeHg is located in the leaf and stalk; however, most of this MeHg was transferred to seed during the ripening period.
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Abstract Adequate weed control has been one of the principal problems associated with developing minimized tillage systems. Recent herbicide releases appear promising for solving the weed control problem. We evaluated ten different preemergence herbicide treatments and one postemergence treatment for 3 years for weed control in till‐planted corn ( Zea mays L.) and sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor , L. Moench). All herbicide treatments were compared on plots that were either disked or nondisked to see if reduction of plant residues improved weed control. All herbicide treatments reduced weed populations and resulted in increased yields compared to the cultivated check. Plots that were disked as opposed to those nondisked were significantly lower in weed yields for 2 years, but were significantly better in crop yields only 1 year. Most of the herbicides gave excellent weed control even though residues of the previous year's crop averaged 5,218 kg/ha and covered 73% of the ground.
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HLA-B-associated transcript 3 (BAT3) was originally identified as one of the genes located within human major histocompatibility complex. It encodes a large proline-rich protein with unknown function. In this study, we found that a fragment of the BAT3 gene product interacts with a candidate tumor suppressor, DAN, in the yeast-based two-hybrid system. We cloned the full-length rat BAT3 cDNA from a fibroblast 3Y1 cDNA library. Our sequence analysis has demonstrated that rat BAT3 cDNA is 3617 nucleotides in length and encodes a full-length BAT3 (1098 amino acids) with an estimated molecular mass of 114,801 daltons, which displays an 87.4% identity with human BAT3. The deletion experiment revealed that the N-terminal region (amino acid residues 1-80) of DAN was required for the interaction with BAT3. Green fluorescent protein-tagged BAT3 was largely localized in the cytoplasm of COS cells. Northern hybridization showed that BAT3 mRNA was expressed in all the adult rat tissues examined but predominantly in testis. In addition, the level of BAT3 mRNA expression was more downregulated in some of the transformed cells, including v-mos- and v-Ha-ras-transformed 3Y1 cells, than in the parental cells.
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Lead (Pb) is one of the heavy metals that have received considerable attention as a poisonous pollutant and has a bad effect on living things, one of them on plants, especially food crops such as rice (Oryza sativa L.). Lead exposure has been shown affected by rice plant growth, but require further
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