Rodent stomach sample preparation for nitrogen NIRS analysis
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Keywords:
Clethrionomys glareolus
Vole
Animal ecology
Clethrionomys glareolus
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Abstract The diet of tawny owls Strix aluco was determined from pellets and prey items in owl nests in Kielder Forest, a planted spruce forest in northern England. Field voles Microtus agrestis were their most important food, and formed the highest proportion of tawny owl diet in winter and early spring. Common shrews Sorex araneus , common frogs Rana temporaria and birds were taken more frequently in late spring and summer. Clear cuts, areas from which timber had been felled at the end of the rotation, provided the main field vole habitat in the forest and remained suitable for voles for 10–15 years after re‐planting. Field vole abundance was measured three times a year on numerous clear cuts throughout the study area using a vole sign index based on fresh grass clippings in runways. Tawny owls responded functionally to the 3 to 4‐year cycles of field vole abundance. In years when voles were scarce, adult owls took more common shrews and common frogs, as determined from pellet analysis. In contrast, more bird prey was fed to nestlings when field voles were scarce, as determined from prey items in nests. The proportions of the main prey in nests changed over a 19‐year period. More bank voles Clethrionomys glareolus and wood mice Apodemus sylvaticus occurred in every year after 1992 than in any year before this. Numbers of wood mice in owl nests increased significantly throughout the study period, whereas bank vole numbers exhibited non‐cyclic, multi‐annual fluctuations that were unrelated to field vole cycles. It is argued that fluctuations in rodent prey reflected changes in rodent guilds in the study area; reasons for this are discussed. This is the first study of tawny owl diet in spruce forests in Britain and highlights the value of such large‐scale dynamic habitats for rodent populations and their predators.
Vole
Araneus
Sorex
Bank vole
Shrew
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Anoplura of rodents (Rodentia) in Northern Poland. Above 100 rodents belonging to 6 species (Clethrionomys glareolus, Microtus agrestis, M. arvalis, Apodemus flavicollis, A. sylvaticus, Mus musculus) caught in the various habitations were examined. The parasites found represented three species of Anoplura: Hoplopleura acanthopus, H. affinis and Polyplax serrata. H. acanthopus appeard to be the most common parasite; it was found in all examined hosts, while mostly on the bank vole.
Bank vole
Clethrionomys glareolus
Vole
Apodemus agrarius
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The continuous irradiation (connected with the accident on the Chernobyl atomic power plant) by cesium-137 of the dominant species of rodents (Clethrionomys glareolus, Microtus oeconomus) in the forests of Bryansk Province had a deteriorating effect on the state of reproductive organs and on the course of embryogenesis, stimulated the reproduction cycle but inhibited the rate of sexual maturation and increased the death-rate of young animals. These effects resulted in significant ageing of the population. But all these phenomena provoked by radiation are within the limits of rodents adaptive capacities.
Bank vole
Clethrionomys glareolus
Vole
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The aim of this study was to present data on the distribution of Hystrichopsylla fleas collected from different animals in Lithuania. The study was done by analyzing collections of fleas from 2011 to 2017. A total of 96 fleas of the genus Hystrichopsylla were collected from nine mammalian species (Apodemus flavicollis, Apodemus agrarius, Micromys minutus, Myodes glareolus, Microtus oeconomus, Microtus arvalis, Sorex araneus, Neomys fodiens, and Glis glis). Morphological analysis showed that all fleas were of the species Hystrichopsylla orientalis Smit, 1956.
Apodemus agrarius
Sorex
Araneus
Clethrionomys glareolus
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Small rodent populations were monitored by autumn snap trapping in 22 localities of Norway during the years 1971–979. A total of 105528 trap days yielded 7987 small mammals, out of which the bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus and the short‐tailed vole Microtus agrestis made up 52.3 and 29.0%, respectively. Third in abundance was the wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus . Both M. agrestis and C. glareolus fluctuated fairly regularly, with general peak years of abundance in 1973 and 1977. Other Microtidae, such as M. oeconomus, C. rutilus and Lemmus lemmus apparently also exhibited cyclic fluctuations. In Arvicola terrestris, Apodemus , and in Sorex shrews, regular fluctuations could not be demonstrated, although the abundance varied considerably. The body weights of sub‐adult C. glareolus cycled in accordance with the fluctuations in abundance; the highest weights being recorded in peak years. In M. agrestis , this correlation was less obvious.
Bank vole
Vole
Clethrionomys glareolus
Apodemus agrarius
Sorex
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All 560 individuals of small rodents belonging to six species of the families Cricetidae and Muridae were trapped in different habitats of various districts in Lithuania in 1995–2001. To determine Frenkelia infection, brain samples were examined. Cysts of Frenkelia were detected in the brain of three vole species only. The average rate of infection in bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) was 21.1%. With different localities the prevalence of Frenkelia infection varied significantly (from 0.0% to 60.6%). Only one out of 35 root vole (Microtus oeconomus) and one out of 24 short-tailed vole (M. agrestis) individuals contained cysts. There were two Frenkelia species established in voles: F. glareoli in C. glareolus and F. microti in M. oeconomus and M. agrestis. All the 23 examined common vole (M. arvalis), 31 striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) and 106 yellow-necked mouse (A. flavicollis) individuals were uninfected. These results turn to be the first contribution to the investigation of the Frenkelia fauna, its prevalence and distribution among certain mouselike rodent species in the Baltic States.
Cricetidae
Apodemus agrarius
Bank vole
Vole
Muridae
Clethrionomys glareolus
Sigmodontinae
Arvicolinae
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Apodemus agrarius
Clethrionomys glareolus
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Vole
Clethrionomys glareolus
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Based on 52 nesting attempts of Tengmalm's owl Aegolius funereus in the Šumava Mountains (South Bohemia, Czech Republic), in habitats comprised mainly of Norway spruce forests, we investigated the relationships between diet composition and fledgling productivity of this owl. We found that (i) owls feed mainly on Sorex shrews (39%), Microtus voles (19%), Apodemus mice (15%), bank voles Myodes glareolus (14%) and birds (6%), (ii) the percentage of Apodemus mice, as well as the percentage of Myodes glareolus, negatively correlated to the percentage of Sorex shrews and birds in the owls' diet, and (iii) the fledgling productivity of the owls positively correlated to the percentage of Apodemus mice in the diet. Finally, (iv) the percentage of Microtus voles, the second most common prey, exhibited no close relationships with other prey groups or fledgling productivity of the owls. These results suggest that Apodemus mice were an important prey in the diet of the Tengmalm's owl in our study area, and support the theory that, compared to their northern counterparts, nocturnal raptors in Central Europe may be less dependent on Microtus voles due to the increased diversity of available prey species.
Araneus
Sorex
Clethrionomys glareolus
Bank vole
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