Almond shell waste ( Prunus dulcis ): Functionalization with [dimethy-diallyl-ammonium-chloride-diallylamin- co -polymer] and chitosan polymer and its investigation in dye adsorption
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Cationic polymerization
Using Gemini cationic M and other auxiliaries mixed together,such as 1815 and Poly-cationic S,the influence of the Cationic dye on the dyeing property of Modified Polyester CDP and ECDP was studied,and the interaction between Gemini cationic M and dyes were investigated.The results indicated that Gemini cationic M could be used as the retarding agents of ECDP;however,there was little effect on CDP,the difference of retarding effect was related to the high surface activity on Gemini cationic M.
Cationic polymerization
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The sorption kinetic and isothermal behaviors of BDE-47 on three natural soils with different soil organic matter fractions(fOC) were studied. The results demonstrated that a two(fast and slow)-compartment first-order model was more appropriate for describing the sorption kinetic data, compared to a one-compartment first-order model, especially in the initial sorption stage within 49 h. The fast sorption was dominant during the whole sorption process from beginning to the apparent sorption equilibrium; while the contribution of the slow sorption to the total sorption amount gradually increased over time and then attained to a plateau at 97 h. The achieving time to the individual sorption capacity for the fast sorption was much shorter than that for the slow sorption. The contribution of the fast sorption to the increase in the total sorption amount of BDE-47 was prevailing at the start of sorption process from 3 h to 5 h; while the fraction of the slow sorption became principal in the subsequent stage of sorption process. Within the narrow equilibrium concentration range due to the fairly low aqueous solubility of BDE-47, the fitting results by the linear partitioning model were comparable with the linear portion by the nonlinear Freundlich model in this study. As for the Freundlich model, the nonlinear exponent(n) values of BDE-47 for the two samples with lower fOC(0.72%) or higher fOC(7.90%) were obviously lower than 1.0(0.75±0.03 and 0.74±0.02, respectively), suggesting somewhat nonlinear sorption characteristics in the studied range of apparent equilibrium concentrations of BDE-47; whereas the linear behavior of BDE-47 for the left sample with medium fOC(2.86%) was indicated by its n value much closed to 1.0(1.03±0.03).
Isothermal process
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Abstract It is commonly known that cationic and anionic surfactants cannot be mixed without the risk of precipitation or instability. However, many studies have shown that not only is it possible to combine cationic and anionic surfactants, but also that this combination can present synergic properties. Mixtures of anionic and cationic surfactants have many unique properties that can be very useful when used properly. The aim of this report is to present relevant information concerning the interaction between anionic and cationic surfactants. A bibliographic review on anionic/cationic mixtures is presented here in order to better understand their properties and possible synergic effects, as this is of practical importance for the chemical industry.
Cationic polymerization
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Langmuir adsorption model
Caesium
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In this paper,the container wall sorption percentage and the sorption ratio of Am betweensolution and such sorption materials as bentonite are studied with the HPGe detector connected-with S-85 multichannel system,the influence of container wall sorption on sorption ratio also isdiscussed.The results show that the container wall sorption with solid sorptive materials is lowerthan that without solid sorptive materials. The container wall sorption should be considered forthe sorptive materials with low sorption ratio values and can be neglected for those with highsorption ratio values.
Bentonite
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Nuclide
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A novel cationic MOF combining cationic nodes with cationic linkers has been constructed. With its unique structural features, this MOF is highly efficient in anion exchangeability.
Cationic polymerization
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The sorption kinetics and isotherms of BDE-28 on three natural soils with different soil organic matter fractions (f(oc)) were investigated. The results indicated that a two (fast and slow)-compartment first-order model was more appropriate for describing the sorption kinetic data, compared to a one-compartment first-order model, especially in the initial sorption stage within 25 h. The fast sorption was predominant during the whole sorption process from beginning to the apparent sorption equilibrium; while the contribution of the slow sorption to the total sorption amount gradually increased and then achieved a plateau at 49 h or 55 h. The approaching time to the individual sorption capacity for the fast sorption was much shorter than that for the slow sorption. The contribution of the fast sorption to the increase in the total sorption amount of BDE-28 was prevailing at the beginning of sorption process from 2.5 h to 4.5 h; whereas the fraction of the slow sorption became primary at the subsequent stage of sorption process. The fitting results by the Dubinin-Ashtakhov (DA) model were comparable with those by the Freundlich model in the range of apparent equilibrium concentration studied. As for the Freundlich model, the nonlinear exponent (n) values of BDE-28 for the two samples with lower f(oc) (0.72%) or higher f(oc) (7.90%) approached to 1.0 (1.03 +/- 0.05 and 1.00 +/- 0.05, respectively), suggesting the linear sorption characteristics in the studied range of apparent equilibrium concentrations of BDE-28; while the nonlinear behavior of BDE-28 for the left sample with medium f(oc) (4.42%) was indicated by its n value less than 1.0 (0.89 +/- 0.04).
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This chapter contains sections titled: Cationic/Cationic Processes Cationic/Cationic/Cationic Processes Cationic/Pericyclic Processes Cationic/Reductive Processes
Cationic polymerization
Pericyclic reaction
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