A comparison of spectral macroalgae taxa separability methods using an extensive spectral library
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Spectral signature
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Abstract Loliolide content was determined in 13 marine algae including red, brown and green algae collected from the Black Sea, the Dardanelles and the Aegean Sea. Identification and quantification were performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The loliolide content in green alga is 1.76 µg g−1, ranges from 0.14 to 4.35 µg g−1 in red and from 0.18 to 4.83 µg g−1 in brown algae. The results obtained are in the same range as previously reported for algae, as well as terrestrial plants. This article represents the first report of loliolide occurrence in green algae. Keywords: loliolidemarine algaeredbrowngreenGC–MS Acknowledgement The authors thank Dr Kirk F. Eidman from Firmenich Inc. (Princeton, New Jersey, USA) for generously supplying the loliolide reference compound.
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The patterns of fatty acid composition of lipid extracted from eight species of edible marine benthic algae; i.e. two species of green, five of brown and one of red algae, were investigated quantitatively by using gas liquid chromatography. The total lipid contents in average of the algae were 1.51% in the green algae, 2.81% in brown algae and 1.02% in red algae respectively. Upon analyzing fatty acid composition, green algae contained the highest proportion of C_16:0 acid and comparatively higher content of C_18:1, C_18:2 and C_18:3 acids than the other algae. In brown algae, C_16:0 acid content was highest, but not more than that of green algae, and C_14:0, C_18:1 acids were higher than other C_16:1, C_18:2, and C_18:3 acids while the content of C_18:0 acid was very low. Red algae showed low content of C_14:0, C_18:1 and C_18:3 acids, but the content of C_16:0 acid was high as a major component. In regard to the composing patterns of carbon number of fatty acid of algae; i.e. C_14, C_15, C_16, C_18 and C_22 acids, the green algae contained C_16 and C_18 acids, the brown algae C_16, C_18 and C_22 acids, and the red algae C_15 C_16, and C_18 acids as the major component.
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The patterns of fatty acid composition of lipid extracted from eight species of edible marine benthic algae; i. e. two species of green, five of brown and one of red algae, were investigated quantitatively by using gas liquid chromatography. The total lipid contents in average of the algae were in the green algae, in brown algae and in red algae respectively. Upon analyzing fatty acid composition, green algae contained the highest proportion of acid and comparatively higher content of acids than the other algae. In brown angae, acid content was highest, but not more than that of green algae, and acids were higher than other acids while the content of acid was very low. Red algae showed low content of acids, but the content of acid was high as a major component. In regard to the composing patterns of carbon number of fatty acid of algae; i. e. and acids, the green algae contained and acids, the brown algae and acids, and the red algae , and acids as the major component.
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Sixteen species of algae (4 species of green algae, 5 species of brown algae and 7 species of red algae) were collected from the coast of Chungmu, Gyeongnam, from June to October, 1976. The content of minerals in algae were analyzed by Atometic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results were as followed 1) The content of Iron and Nickel in green algae were abundant, and those of Lead, Nickel and Manganese in brown algae were low. 2) The content of Cadmium were in the range of 0.58-1.04ppm (average: 0.85ppm) in green algae, 0.32-2.10ppm (average: 1.08ppm) in brown algae and 0.54-1.70ppm (average: 1.04ppm) in red algae. The content of Cadmium were in the range of 0.3-0.6ppm in laver, Porphyra tenera, sea mustard, Undaria pinnatifida, and tangle, Laminaria japonica, but its content was lower than those expected. 3) The content of Lead were in the range of 0.67-1.40ppm (average: 1.03ppm) in green algae, 0.60-1.00ppm (average: 0.82ppm) in brown algae, 0.56-2.40ppm (average: 1.28ppm) in red algae and its content in algae were lower than in fish and shellfish. 4) The content of Copper were in the range of 10.8-24.2ppm (average: 18.95ppm) in green algae, 7.4-24.6ppm (average: 18.16ppm) in brown algae, 6.4-31.2ppm (average: 19.94ppm) in red algae and those content were considerably abundant except for some algae. 5) The content of Nickel were in the range of 5.4-16.6ppm (average: 9.1ppm) in green algae, 1.0-4.4ppm (average: 2.32ppm) in brown algae and 0.7-4.6ppm (average: 2.59ppm) in red algae. 6) The content of Iron were in the range of 686.4-1159.0ppm (average: 916.5ppm) in green algae, 131.0-499.2ppm (average: 310.16ppm) in brown algae and 156.0-530.4ppm (average: 248.2ppm) in red algae. Especially, that of Iron in green algae showed higher value than in any other. 7) The content of Manganese were in the range of 48-221ppm (average: 157.25ppm) in green algae, 12-65ppm (average: 41ppm) in brown algae and 72-162ppm (average: 121ppm) in red algae. Especially, that of Manganese in brown algae showed lower value than in any other. 8) The content of Zinc were in the range of 191.3-451.1ppm (average: 290.05ppm) in green algae, 89.9-374.2ppm (average: 202.64ppm) in brown algae and 106.4-281.4ppm (average: 188.93ppm) in red algae. 9) The content of Magnesium were in the range of 0.48-1.83% (average: 1.27%) in green algae, 1.04-1.71% (average: 1.21%) in brown algae and 0.42-1.24% (average: 0.097%) in red algae. 10) The content of Fluorine were in the range of 29.2-92.7ppm (average: 53.03ppm) in green algae, 33.3-43.5ppm (average: 39.18ppm) in brown algae and 32.4-59.0ppm (average: 44.84ppm) in red algae.
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Saccharina
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Laminaria digitata
Alginic acid
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Abstract β-Phenylethylamine content was investigated in two green, five brown, and ten red marine algae by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. β-Phenylethylamine was found in six red algae but was not detected in the brown and green algae studied. The highest amount of β-phenylethylamine was determined in Gelidium crinale (30.42 μg g -1 ). This is the first report of β-phenylethylamine in the algae tested and also the first to quantify β-phenylethylamine in marine algae.
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Studies were made on protein, carbohydrate and lipid from 28 marine algae from Lakshadweep
Islands. The protein content ranged from 0.1 to 18.9% in green algae, 4.6 to 12.2% brown algae
and 2.7 to 13.1% in red algae. The carbohydrate content was from 0.5 to 15.846, 1.5 to 13.0%
and 2.0 to 29.4% in gMn, brown and red algae respectively. The lipid content varied from 2.6 to
13.8% in green algae, 2.2 to 8.3% in brown algae and 3.1 to 8.3% in red algae.
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