2TP5-05 The structure of rat liver vault at 3.5 Å resolution(The 47th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan)
Koji KatoHideaki TanakaEiki YamashitaTomoyuki SumizawaYong ZhouMin YaoKenji IwasakiMasato YoshimuraTomitake Tsukihara
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Vault (architecture)
In a soil bioassay, adult Deroceras reticulatum (Stylommatophora: Limacidae) and three different weight-classes of young Arion lusitanicus (Stylommatophora: Arionidae) were exposed to a single dosage (170 dauer larvae per g of soil) of the nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita monoxenically associated with the bacterium Moraxella osloensis. Groups of 10 slugs were continuously exposed to nematodes for 4 days, and then transferred individually to Petri-dishes containing a disc of Chinese cabbage as food. Food consumption—measured by image analysis—and slug mortality were recorded daily for 10 days. Food consumption was inhibited in both slug species tested. D. reticulatum stopped feeding 6 days after the start of nematode treatment, while all A. lusitanicus continued to feed. However, in the three weight-classes of A. lusitanicus (0.15 g, 0.24 g, 0.45 g), food consumption was reduced by at least 50 %. The greatest reduction in feeding, nearly 90 %, was noted in the smallest A. lusitanicus. The nematodes successfully killed D. reticulatum but were less efficient at killing young A. lusitanicus. At the end of the experiment, mortality was highest in D. reticultatum (98 %) and the smallest weight-class of A. lusitanicus (47 %). There was almost no mortality in the largest weight-class of A. lusitanicus treated with nematodes. P. hermaphrodita associated with M. osloensis can thus be considered as a biological control agent for young stages of A. lusitanicus for its effect as a feeding inhibitor, rather than for its ability to kill the slugs.
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The early fourteenth-century Lady Chapel at Ely has long been regarded as a crucial building in the development of the English Decorated Style. Its vault is one of the widest in England and, if contemporary with the fabric, is stylistically the most advanced of its day. But a number of external and internal features suggest that the construction of the vault involved considerable damage to the existing fabric, damage that would be highly unlikely had the vault been erected in the original building campaign completed in 1349. In particular, the relationship between the vault and the elevation is so odd as to raise doubts concerning its authenticity. Indeed, it is questionable whether the Lady Chapel was originally to be vaulted at all. The Lady Chapel vault is different in almost every respect from that over the choir of Ely Cathedral, yet we are asked to accept them as near contemporaries. A search of the records, accounts and obits--a remarkable collection for its wealth of detail--fails to produce any reference in the fourteenth century to the building, decoration or even the existence of this remarkable vault. The closest parallel to the Ely vault in both structure and style is provided by the nave and choir vaults of Norwich Cathedral, 1463-1499, and the proposal will here be made that a late fifteenth-century date may be more appropriate for Ely. This claim is further supported by the presence, hitherto unnoticed, of six 'Tudor' ciphers within the vault decoration.
Vault (architecture)
Chapel
Choir
Fifteenth
Nave
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In response to DNA damage, p53 undergoes post-translational modifications (including acetylation) that are critical for its transcriptional activity. However, the mechanism by which p53 acetylation is regulated is still unclear. Here, we describe an essential role for HLA-B-associated transcript 3 (Bat3)/Scythe in controlling the acetylation of p53 required for DNA damage responses. Depletion of Bat3 from human and mouse cells markedly impairs p53-mediated transactivation of its target genes Puma and p21 . Although DNA damage-induced phosphorylation, stabilization, and nuclear accumulation of p53 are not significantly affected by Bat3 depletion, p53 acetylation is almost completely abolished. Bat3 forms a complex with p300, and an increased amount of Bat3 enhances the recruitment of p53 to p300 and facilitates subsequent p53 acetylation. In contrast, Bat3-depleted cells show reduced p53–p300 complex formation and decreased p53 acetylation. Furthermore, consistent with our in vitro findings, thymocytes from Bat3-deficient mice exhibit reduced induction of puma and p21, and are resistant to DNA damage-induced apoptosis in vivo. Our data indicate that Bat3 is a novel and essential regulator of p53-mediated responses to genotoxic stress, and that Bat3 controls DNA damage-induced acetylation of p53.
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목적: 전방깊이에 대한 수정체두께의 비율이 ICL 삽입술 후 vault에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: ICL 삽입술을 시행 받은 130명(130안)에서 술 전 전방깊이에 대한 수정체두께 비율과 전안부 빛간섭단층촬영계로 측정한 vault 값과의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 결과: Vault는 0.58 mm ± 0.23이었으며 이 중 8안(6.15%)은 낮은 vault, 93안(71.53%)은 이상적인 vault, 29안(29.31%)은 높은 vault를 보였다. 낮은 vault, 이상적인 vault, 높은 vault 군에서 전방깊이에 대한 수정체두께 비율은 각각 1.04 mm ± 0.11, 0.96 mm ± 0.09, 0.90 mm ± 0.09로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p＜0.01). 전방깊이에 대한 수정체두께 비율은 vault와 유의한 상관관계를(r=-0.4718; p ＜0.01) 보였으며 다중회귀 분석에서도 유의한 상관관계를 보였다(p＜0.01). 결론: 술 후 vault 값은 전방깊이에 대한 수정체두께비율이 클수록 낮아진다. 이러한 사실을 고려하여 ICL 크기를 정한다면 더욱 정확한 수술 후 vault를 얻을 수 있을 것이다.
Vault (architecture)
Cranial vault
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One of the most architecturally stimulating features of the Old Town Bridge Tower in Prague is the net vault over the ground level, designed by Peter Parler. Often assumed to have been built after the net vault of Prague Cathedral’s choir, this article looks more closely at the masonry, the heraldry and the sculptures of the Tower to suggest that the Bridge Tower vault predates the choir vault. After setting this vault as the first net vault in Bohemia, the article examines how this particular formt fits within the evolution of Parlerian vault designs in Prague. In addition, the article explores the larger implications of a design process where smaller spaces are used to experiment and develop new designs before utilising those designs on a larger scale.
Vault (architecture)
Bridge (graph theory)
Choir
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Holcus lanatus
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HLA-B-associated transcript 3 (BAT3) was originally identified as one of the genes located within human major histocompatibility complex. It encodes a large proline-rich protein with unknown function. In this study, we found that a fragment of the BAT3 gene product interacts with a candidate tumor suppressor, DAN, in the yeast-based two-hybrid system. We cloned the full-length rat BAT3 cDNA from a fibroblast 3Y1 cDNA library. Our sequence analysis has demonstrated that rat BAT3 cDNA is 3617 nucleotides in length and encodes a full-length BAT3 (1098 amino acids) with an estimated molecular mass of 114,801 daltons, which displays an 87.4% identity with human BAT3. The deletion experiment revealed that the N-terminal region (amino acid residues 1-80) of DAN was required for the interaction with BAT3. Green fluorescent protein-tagged BAT3 was largely localized in the cytoplasm of COS cells. Northern hybridization showed that BAT3 mRNA was expressed in all the adult rat tissues examined but predominantly in testis. In addition, the level of BAT3 mRNA expression was more downregulated in some of the transformed cells, including v-mos- and v-Ha-ras-transformed 3Y1 cells, than in the parental cells.
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SUMMARY A hitherto unrecorded virus having flexible rod‐shaped particles about 740–760 × 13 nm was isolated from Anthoxanthum odoratwn L. It was transmitted by sap inoculation, but not by several species of insect, seed or soil to 18 species of Gramineae including wheat, oats and barley. In susceptible species the virus normally produced a mosaic mottling of the leaves which was sometimes followed by a necrotic streaking or striping.
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Sexpartite vaults constitute one of the most interesting chapters in European Gothic architecture. Originally, the use of the square cross-ribbed vault was limited to relatively small spaces, but when the need arose to cover spaces of considerable size, a new vault with very peculiar characteristics appeared. This new vault was a cross-ribbed vault that was reinforced in the centre by a rib that was parallel to the transverse ribs which effectively divided the vault in half. This configuration breaks the side arch into two fragments, creating a pair of windows on each side. The volumetrics of these vaults is extremely complex and the difficulties involved in their construction perhaps explain why they were abandoned in favour of the simple cross ribbed vault, now with rectangular sections. The existence of the sexpartite vault barely lasted more than fifty years, from the end of the XII century and the beginning of the XIII. Towards the end of the 19th century Viollet-le-Duc gave a succinct explanation of this type of vault. A. Choisy also, later, devotes some pages to the French sexpartite vault; since then, the subject has only been broached in a few references in later studies on Gothic architecture. However, despite its short period of existence, the sexpartite vault spread throughout Europe and was used to build important vaulting. Viollet-le-Duc's sexpartite vault could be considered to be the prototype of them all, while it is true that the studies that we have conducted so far lead us to affirm that there is a wide variety of vaults, with different volumetric spaces and different construction strategies. Therefore, we believe that this chapter of international Gothic deserves further study applying the knowledge and resources that are available today. This paper has been written to explore the most significant European sexpartite vaults. New measurement technology has led to a revolution in research into the history of construction, allowing studies to be conducted that were hitherto impossible. Thorough data collection using total station and photogrammetry has enabled us to identify the stereotomy of the voussoirs, tas-de-charges and keystones, as well as the bonding of the surfaces of the severies. A comparison of the construction techniques employed in the different vaults studied reveals common construction features and aspects that are specific to each country. Thus we are able to establish the relationship between sexpartite vaults in different European countries and their influence on each other.
Vault (architecture)
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Vault (architecture)
Brick
Formwork
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