An Efficient Movement Management Method of Mobile Node in Mobile IPv6
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Mobile IP는 노드의 이동성을 제공함으로써 보다 향상된 서비스를 제공해 준다. Mobile IP에서 이동노드는 이동시마다 홈 주소와 외부 네트워크에서의 주소를 바인딩 하기 위한 메시지를 홈에이전트에게 보내야 한다. 이러한 이동관리 메시지는 노드 자체의 처리비용과 네트워크상의 많은 트래픽을 유발할 수 있다. Paging Hierarchical Mobile IPv6(PHMIPv6)는 위치 관리 비용을 줄이기 위해 Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) 환경에서 페이징 기법을 적용하여 이동노드의 상태를 고려한 위치 관리를 수행한다. PHMIPv6에서 이동노드는 통신 중이지 않을 경우 도메인 내부에서 이동을 하여도 위치 바인딩 메시지를 보내지 않음으로써 위치 관리에 사용되는 비용을 절약할 수 있다. 그러나 외부에서 패킷이 도착 시 수행하는 페이징 메카니즘의 비용이 크기 때문에 상황에 따라 많은 위치 관리 비용이 발생할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 PHMIPv6의 문제점을 분석하고 이동관리 시그널을 줄이기 위한 방안을 제안한다. 제안방안은 효율적으로 페이징 시그널을 줄임으로써 전체적인 위치 관리 비용을 줄이게 되고, 서브넷 수에 의존하지 않고 동작함으로써 HMIPv6 보다 약 50% 정도의 성능향상을 보였다. The Mobile IPv6 provides the enhanced internet services to user by supporting a node's mobility. In Mobile IPv6(MIPv6), the mobile node sends the binding message which binds home address(HoA) with care-of address(CoA) to the home agent whenever it changes its point of attachment to the internet. To reduce the mobility management signal message the Paging Hierarchical Mobile IPv6(PHMIPv6) is proposed. The mobile node does not send the binding message within the domain if the mobile node's state is idle. Therefore the mobility signal message cost can be reduced. However, when the mobile node's session arrival rate is high the many mobility management signal cost are needed because the paging cost is very high. In this paper, we analysis the drawback of PHMIPv6 and propose the scheme which can reduce the mobility management signal cost. The proposed scheme works independent of the number of subnet in the domain. Therefore the proposed scheme can improve the mobile node's mobility management scheme.Keywords:
Paging
Mobility management
Subnet
Mobility model
Mobile identification number
An efficient mobility management for mobile stations plays an important role in mobile communication network. Two basic operations of mobility management are location registration and paging. A zone-based registration (ZBR) is implemented in most of mobile communication systems and we consider the mobility management scheme that combines a zone-based registration and a selective paging (SP). We propose new analytical model that can reflect on the characteristics of the ZBR based on 2-dimensional random walk mobility model and more efficient paging schemes considering the proposed model. We evaluate the performance of the mobility management scheme with our mobility model to determine the optimal size of location area that will result in the minimum signaling traffic on radio channels. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate that our mobility model is useful to evaluate the ZBR more exactly.
Paging
Mobility model
Mobility management
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This article describes the design and best practices for macromobility management in EV-DO, including mobility across EV-DO subnets and mobility across network that support different air interface technology (i.e., between 1x and EV-DO, or between different revisions of EVDO). In particular, the following three topics related to the EV-DO systems are discussed in detail: Conditions under which an EV-DO subnet should be created and how to create such subnets; Mobility across areas covered by sectors with different physical layer capabilities without creating EV-DO subnets; Data session mobility between networks supporting EV-DO and 1x.
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For a wireless network to effectively deliver services to the mobile users, it must have an efficient way to track then. The location management fulfills this task through location registration and paging. Many location management strategies, such as the profile-based scheme (PBS) have been proposed to reduce the signaling traffic caused by the location update and paging. In the PBS scheme, the system collects the user mobility history and stores the information in the user profile. If the user follows the pattern, no update is needed. When a call arrives, the user is paged in the location areas in the descending order of probabilities until the user is found. In this paper, we propose a new scheme - MPBS: mobility-pattern-based scheme - which incorporates both the mobility pattern and time information in the profile. The user location is determined by the system based on not only the distribution probability but also the system time. In the MPBS scheme, a mobile user can be in one of four identified states and different location update and paging strategies are used for different states. Performance evaluation of the proposed scheme is carried out under various mobility-call patterns, paging cost and distribution probability. The results show that the MPBS scheme incurs significantly less signaling traffic and less paging delay than the PBS scheme.
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Multi-step paging has been widely proposed to reduce signaling overheads. This paper introduces a user-independent paging scheme for mobile IP where the paging criterion is not based on individual user information. The goal of user-independent paging is to provide satisfactory overall performance of the whole system, when personalized optimal performance for each user is hard to obtain. The paging criterion adopted is the mobility rate of each subnet determined by the aggregated movements of all mobile users. In order to implement the proposed scheme, a concept of "semi-idle state" is introduced and the detailed solution for obtaining the mobility rate is presented. Analytical results show that when paging one user at a time, the performance of the proposed scheme is comparable to that of the user-dependent paging schemes. When paging multiple users simultaneously, the proposed scheme has remarkable advantages.
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Demand paging
Idle
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The mobile network is surrounded with many issues especially in service termination during handoff from one subnet to another subnet of the network. The seamless connection is still the most prominent issue due to the unique characteristics of the mobile network. There are two well known network mobility management techniques having promising features to resolve this issue. The centralized and the distributed mobility schemes that are using a different approach in handling mobility related operations. In this paper, we propose a novel Multi-level Hybrid Network Mobility Management Scheme (MHNMMS), which is expected to address the service termination issues and to reduce the overall signaling cost by implementing the intradomain zone and inter-domain zone. Simulation was used to analyse the impact of the proposed scheme via the Data Packet Drops and Handover Delay metrics. The analysis showed that the proposed scheme is more promising than other known schemes.
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Mobility model
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In this paper, we study, Interworked fixed and mobile networks, both terminal mobility (TM) and personal mobility (PM) should be supported and interworked to provide seamless universal mobility to mobile users. TM supports movement between different locations with the same mobile terminal (MT). In TM management, an MT updates its location when it changes location area (LA) and an incoming call is delivered to the MT by paging all cells within a registered LA. PM supports user mobility between different terminals by using personal identifier (PID). In this paper, we propose an efficient paging scheme for TM in interworked fixed and mobile networks, by using registration information for PM management. In the proposed paging scheme, paging is firstly performed only to the cells containing terminals with which a user is registered for PM, instead of all cells within a registered LA. If the called user is not found in the first paging step, remaining cells within the registered LA are paged. Performance comparison results show that the proposed scheme can achieve significant signaling load reduction at radio interface, and save scarce radio resources.
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Proxy Mobile IPv6(PMIPv6) is a network-based mobility management scheme.Its standard RFC5213 only supports host mobility but not subnet mobility.In this paper,we investigate three existing subnet mobility schemes based on tunnel under PMIPv6 and analyze N-NEMO(Network based NEMO)which adopts split tunnel.We perform three schemes using C language in Linux.By analyzing and comparing the three schemes,we obtain that although N-NEMO has large delay and complex signaling,it has the advantage of low network layer header and can support more node types.
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Proxy Mobile IPv6
Mobility management
Header
Mobility model
Proxy (statistics)
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Mobility management in Long Term Evolution (LTE) is different from that in the third generation mobile telecom networks. In LTE, the Mobility Management Entity (MME) is responsible for the mobility management function. The MME is connected to a large number of evolved Node Bs (cells) that are grouped into the Tracking Areas (TAs). The TAs are further grouped into TA Lists (TALs). When a User Equipment (UE) moves out of the current TAL, it reports its new location to the MME. If the LTE network attempts to connect to the UE, the MME asks the cells in the TAL to page the UE. In LTE paging, the MME may sequentially page a cell, the TA of the cell, and/or the TAL of the cell. Recent trends of research works related to location management in LTE network has been surveyed and three aspects in this regard - reducing signaling congestion, design of paging areas and intelligent mobility management has been outlined in this paper.
Paging
Mobility management
LTE Advanced
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An efficient mobility management for mobile stations plays an important role in mobile communication networks. Two basic operations of mobility management are location registration and paging. A zone-based registration (ZBR) is implemented in most of the mobile communication networks and we consider the mobility management scheme that combines a zone-based registration and a selective paging (SP). We propose a new analytical model that can reflect the characteristics of the ZBR smoothly where location areas of the ZBR are set up so that regions such as roads, bridges, rivers and mountains, where there is relatively little traffic, will constitute their boundaries. We adopt a revised 2-dimensional random walk mobility model to consider such characteristics. In addition, we propose a more efficient division scheme of location area for 2-step selective paging. We evaluate the performance of the mobility management scheme using our mobility model to determine the optimal size of a location area that will result in the minimum signaling traffic on radio channels. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate that our mobility model is useful to evaluate the ZBR more exactly. The results of this study can be used effectively in analyzing and comparing the performances of various mobility management schemes.
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Mobility management
Mobility model
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Mobility management in Long Term Evolution (LTE) is different from that in the third generation mobile telecom networks. In LTE, the Mobility Management Entity (MME) is responsible for the mobility management function. The MME is connected to a large number of evolved Node Bs (cells) that are grouped into the Tracking Areas (TAs). The TAs are further grouped into TA Lists (TALs). When a User Equipment (UE) moves out of the current TAL, it reports its new location to the MME. If the LTE network attempts to connect to the UE, the MME asks the cells in the TAL to page the UE. In LTE paging, the MME may sequentially page a cell, the TA of the cell, and/or the TAL of the cell. This paper investigates the performance of LTE paging, and provides the guidelines for the best paging sequence of cells.
Paging
Mobility management
LTE Advanced
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