[The influence of ambient air pollution on reproductive health: current situation and prospects].
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General characteristics of air pollution process in Nanjing area were analyzed.Three different types of typical air pollution processes occurred in 2009-2011 were selected to analyze the characteristics and influence factors respectively.It was found mat 91%pollution process in Nanjing lasted for less than 4 days according to assessment indexes of API,and air pollution occurred in autumn and winter lasted longer.Pollution caused by dust event was mainly controlled by the sand source and long range transport meteorological condition,with wide affected area.The ratio of PM_(205)/PM_(10) reached up to 70% from the pollution of crop residue burning combined with high PM_(2.5) concentration.The wind direction is main factor influencing the pollution area,and the pollution decreased quickly with precipitation or strong wind,as well as disappearance of pollution source.Long duration air pollution in autumn and winter is related to the unfavorable weather condition,such as relative uniform pressure pattern,along with local circulation at the bottom boundary layer,resulting in the pollution accumulation.
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The CALPUFF,an unsteady meteorological and air quality model system,was used to simulate the diffusion of pollution sources in Shenzhen and its surrounding areas based on the pollution emission,meteorological station data and air quality monitoring data in the Pearl River Delta Region in 2009,and to analyze the effects of five key pollution sources on the air quality quantitatively in Shenzhen in summer.The results showed that the concentrations of PM10 and NO2 in Shenzhen were mainly affected by local key pollution sources,accounting for about 80%,while the concentration of SO2 was affected equally by both local and surrounding key pollution sources.The results also showed that the pollution of SO2 was mainly from living,key points and power plant,while the pollution of PM10 and NO2 was mainly from traffic and road dust.
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Abstract Since the 1980’s, measures mitigating the impact of transboundary air pollution have been implemented successfully as evidenced in the 1980–2014 record of atmospheric sulphur pollution over the NE-Atlantic, a key region for monitoring background northern-hemisphere pollution levels. The record reveals a 72–79% reduction in annual-average airborne sulphur pollution (SO 4 and SO 2 , respectively) over the 35-year period. The NE-Atlantic, as observed from the Mace Head research station on the Irish coast, can be considered clean for 64% of the time during which sulphate dominates PM 1 levels, contributing 42% of the mass, and for the remainder of the time, under polluted conditions, a carbonaceous (organic matter and Black Carbon) aerosol prevails, contributing 60% to 90% of the PM 1 mass and exhibiting a trend whereby its contribution increases with increasing pollution levels. The carbonaceous aerosol is known to be diverse in source and nature and requires sophisticated air pollution policies underpinned by sophisticated characterisation and source apportionment capabilities to inform selective emissions-reduction strategies. Inauspiciously, however, this carbonaceous concoction is not measured in regulatory Air Quality networks.
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본 연구의 목적은 대표적 점오염원인 석탄화력발전소의 대기오염방지시설을 개선했을 때 최대 착지 농도 및 주변지역의 대기오염도 변화를 파악하는데 있다. 대기오염방지시설 개선 전 후의 대기질을 예측 비교하여 시설의 개선 효과가 어느 정도인지를 분석하였다. 대기질 예측에는 바람장의 변화를 Puff의 이동으로 나타낼 수 있고, 비정상 상태를 구현 할 수 있는 대기오염확산모델인 CALPUFF 모델을 이용하였다. 화력발전소의 주요 대기오염배출 물질인 아황산가스($SO_2$ ), 이산화질소($NO_2$ ), 먼지($PM_{10}$ ) 항목을 예측 항목으로 선정하였다. 연구결과 $SO_2$ , $NO_2$ 항목은 대기오염방지시설 개선으로 인하여 최대 착지지점 및 주변지역의 대기질 오염도 감소에 상당히 효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. $PM_{10}$ 항목의 경우에는 최대 착지지점에서는 오염도 감소 효과가 높으나, 석탄 화력발전소 주변지역의 대기오염도 감소 효과는 다소 낮게 분석되었다. The object of this study is to identify changes in air pollution in the maximum ground level concentration and the surrounding area when air pollution control facilities are improved in the thermal power plants. The effects of improved facilities are analyzed by comparing air quality after applying improved air pollution control facilities. For prediction of air quality, the change of wind field can be represented with movement of Puff and CALPUFF Model, air pollution diffusion models which can implement abnormal conditions. Major air pollutants of thermal power plants such as $SO_2$ , $NO_2$ , and $PM_{10}$ are selected as prediction items. That results show that improvement of air pollution control facilities is significantly effective in reduction of air pollution of $SO_2$ and $NO_2$ in the maximum ground level concentration and areas around of thermal power plants. In the case of $PM_{10}$ , it is found that the effect of reduction in pollution is high in the maximum ground level concentration, but the effect of reduction in air pollution is somewhat low in the area around of the thermal power plant.
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Air pollution risk is a function of the hazard of the pollution and the exposure to that pollution Its can be expressed for an individual for certain groups neighbourhoods or children living in a country, or for entire population. The exposure to hazards air pollution for a geographical area which includes the various micro-environments and age groups. It needs different age and other demographic groups, especially infants, children, pregnant women and other sensitive Sub population. Air pollution is harmful material into the earth’s atmosphere, causing disease, death to humans, and damage to other living organisms such as food crops and built environment. The sources of air pollution are automobiles, industrial emissions, nuclear and thermal power stations etc. Its effects on human health, and control of air pollution.
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Based on the monitoring data of air pollutants from 2002 to 2007 over Hangzhou,according to ambient air quality every day in surrounding cities of Hangzhou,combined with different types of pollution and meteorological data,the characteristics of air pollutants and its relationship with weather conditions are analyzed.The results show that the frequency of pollution days in air quality is decreased year by year, and the air quality has been improved step by step,because the concentrations of PM_(10) that is the primary pollutant are decreased by degrees.The day of heavier level pollution in large-scale continual pollution is half more than that of other two types of pollution,and the highest concentration of PM_(10) appears in largescale continual pollution,and lowest in the individual pollution,there are 0.253 mg·m~(-3) and 0.177 mg·m~(-3),respectively.The different types of pollution are affected by various weather situations,their pollution level is also changed.The rates of different pollution types have an obvious seasonal variation,which is highest in winter,lowest in summer,there are 25.6%and 3.6%,respectively.Among the different types of pollution,the rates of individual pollution and local continual pollution are 40.7%and 29.9%,respectively. The rates of different pollution types in four seasons are very obvious,showing a higher rate of local pollution type in winter,that of individual pollution in spring,and that of the large-scale continuous pollution in autumn.The air quality in summer,that appears to be few of local pollution days,is the best in four seasons.The levels of different pollution are different,presenting the grades ofⅢ1(level of slight pollution) is mainly the type of local pollution,the grades ofⅢ2(lightly pollution) andⅣ1(moderat pollution) are mainly the large-scale continual pollution type,the grades ofⅣ2(moderat heavier pollution level) andⅤ(heavy pollution level) are mostly the individual pollution type that affected by the duststorm or firework in the Spring Festival.
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Air is essential for life and its pollution, whether outdoor or indoor, endangers health. The World Health Organisation estimated that in 2012 outdoor air pollution was the cause of 3 million prema...
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