Spectroscopic Investigation on fundamental modes of pure and doped BTMC NLO single crystals
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Thiourea is potentially capable of forming coordinate bonds through both sulphur and nitrogen even though the extremely low basicity of the ligands militates against the formation of nitrogen-metal bonds. Both these possibilities will be reflected in the infrared spectra of the complexes. The centrosymmetric thiourea molecule when combined with inorganic salts yields non-centrosymmetric complexes, which has non linear optical properties. In the present study optically transparent crystals of Pure and doped BTMC crystals have been grown. The crystals are characterized by subjecting to Powder XRD, AAS, FTIR, UV and SHG tests are discussed and values tabulated.Keywords:
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Potassium niobate
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In recent years, organometalic non linear optical (NLO) materials have attained immense appeal form researchers due to its range of technological applications in photonic field and optoelectronic technology. In present research work, novel semi organic NLO L-Valine Zinc Glycine Thiourea Sulfate crystals (VZGTS) with different morphologies were grown by gel method at ambient temperature. Presence and identification of functional groups were confirmed by FITR analysis. Spectroscopic studies were carried out for it. The UV-Vis spectroscopy is recorded for crystal. PL study stats that the crystal has insulating nature. Spectroscopic study shows that this crystal has good transparency in the case of fundamental wavelength of Nd : YAG laser. Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) efficiency was confirmed by Kurtz – Perry powder method. Results are discussed in the paper.
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Good optical grade single crystals of pure, lanthanum (La3+) and neodymium (Nd3+) doped manganese mercury thiocyanate bis-dimethyl sulfoxide (MMTD) crystals are grown from aqueous solution by slow solvent evaporation technique at room temperature. Single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) data reveals that the grown crystals belong to the orthorhombic crystallographic system with the noncentrosymmetric space group P212121. The crystals are characterized using optical absorption, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Fourier transform Raman (FT-Raman), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) studies. The second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiencies of the grown crystals are also measured using Kurtz and Perry powder technique. The nonlinear optical (NLO) activity of the pure MMTD significantly enhances due to rare earth dopants.
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Thiocyanate
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A new promising organo-metallic nonlinear optical material, was synthesized and single crystals of HCLPTM were grown from solution by slow evaporation technique. Single-crystal X-ray diffractometer was utilized to measure unit cell parameters and to confirm lattice parameter. The optical transmittance window and the lower cutoff wavelength of the HCLPTM have been identified by UV–Vis–NIR studies. The modes of vibration of different molecular groups present in the sample were identified by the FTIR spectral analysis. The mechanical strength of the crystal was analyzed by Vickers hardness test. The second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency was estimated using the modified Kurtz–Perry powder test and was found to be 2.5 times that of KDP. Introduction. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins that are considered to be the very important for most of the processes in living organisms [1] and their complexes belong to a class of organic materials find immense nonlinear optical (NLO) applications [2].The presence of acidic carboxyl and basic amino group paves the way for the formation of zwitter ion or dipolar ion as a result of internal neutralization reaction. This dipolar nature of amino acids helps to improve the crystal's hardness [3] and the physical and chemical properties also making them as a peculiar candidates in nonlinear optical field [4]. The organic materials have excellent properties compared to the conventional inorganic solids which show ultrafast response times, lower dielectric constants, better process ability characteristics and enhanced NLO responses [5]. But the practical applications of the organic nonlinear optical materials are limited because of their poor physicochemical stability and low mechanical strength [6]. For overcoming the above difficulties of the organic NLO crystals, in recent years the organic materials were mixed with inorganic materials to improve their chemical stability, physico-chemical properties, mechanical strength and nonlinear optical coefficients, which are the important parameters for an NLO crystal [7,8]. According to Dewar–Chatt–Duncanson model, the binding between metal and ligand is due to the interplay of donor and acceptor contributions [9]. Yukawa et al.[10] have already reported the structure of heptachloro(l-proline)tetramercury(II) and it belongs to monoclinic crystal system. In the present work we report synthesis,crystal growth, spectral, optical, and dielectric properties of metal coordinated complex of HCLPTM.
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The main aim of my research is to improve the NLO properties of KDP crystal by doping with organic impurities. KH2PO4 (KDP) crystal is widely used and thoroughly studied NLO crystals. The NLO and other properties of the crystal have been improved by doping of organic impurities. In the present investigation, Pure and dyes (Sudan I, Methyl Red and Evans blue) doped KDP crystals were grown by slow evaporation technique at room temperature. Grown crystals have been characterized using single crystal X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), UV- visible spectroscopy and NLO studies. The presences of dyes were confirmed by FTIR and XRD spectra. Dye molecules possess π electron similar to conjugated polymers, but the molecules themselves are not very big. The analysis of single crystal XRD spectra conforms that all the doped samples have the perfect crystal properties. Their energy level structure shows the presence of bands containing many closely spaced levels corresponding to vibrational and rotational states. A variety of dyes for many laser operating wavelengths were employed in the past. The NLO reports of the samples are having high energy level comparing with pure KDP. Dyes embedded in KDP crystal and dye doped crystal were also reported as useful non-linear optical media.
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Pure and La3+ doped single crystals of l-arginine acetate (LAA) have been grown well from through slow evaporation method in aqueous environment. The Crystalline nature can be confirmed by powder X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Analysis. The function groups with possible stretching/bonding were identified through FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy (FT-Raman) analysis. The good optical properties of La3+ doped LAA crystals were found through UV–Visible spectral analysis. Nonlinear optical (NLO) behavior through Kurtz's method reveals that the dopant has increased the efficiency. Further, grown crystals has examined for thermal (TGA, DTA), mechanical (Vicker's), dielectric (LCR) and photo conductive (picoammeter) properties enhanced with La3+ dopant and the results are interpreted and discussed.
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Tetragonal crystal system
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Organic crystals have nonlinear optical effects (NLO) that make them attractive for applications in frequency conversion and optical processing. Among these we find the amino acids. glycine is the simplest of all amino acids in the crystalline form, has three different polymorphs a, b and g in which the molecules exist in the dipolar form (NH3+CH2COO-). In this work, we obtained glycine crystals doped with erbium growth by slow evaporation at room temperature. The chemical composition of the crystal was determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy and was conducted for glycine with different concentrations of erbium. The optical absorption spectrum recorded in the wavelength range of UV-vis revealed that the crystal has good optical transparency in the range of 350 to 1100 nm. The crystalline phase was determined by X-ray diffraction and the second harmonic generation efficiency of the crystal measured by using the Kurtz Perry modified method.
Key words: Glycine, erbium, nonlinear optical effects (NLO), second harmonic generation (SHG).
Erbium
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