The relationship between the Neuro-Quality of Life Depression and Anxiety Measures and the Personality Assessment Inventory in persons with epilepsy
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Background: There are no specific instruments for rating dependent personality, although this may be an important subject in clinical practice, where knowledge of dependent personality features may influence treatment. Aims: To develop a simple self-rating questionnaire for dependent personality features and compare the findings in two groups, one with and one without established dependent personality disorder. Method: An 8-item Dependent Personality Questionnaire (DPQ) was developed and its acceptability and validity tested by administration to 30 psychiatric patients, half of whom had dependent personality disorder using clinical and research data, and the other 15 (pair-matched for age and sex) having other psychiatric diagnoses (including other personality disorders) but no dependent personality features. Results: The mean score on the dependent personality questionnaire (DPQ) was 13.7 in those with dependent personality disorder and 7.5 in those without such a disorder (p< .005). The DPQ was also a good predictor of the diagnosis of dependent personality disorder, with sensitivity, specificity, predicted positive, and predicted negative accuracies of 87%. Conclusions: The results suggest that the DPQ may be a suitable screening instrument for dependent personality characteristics.
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Personality consists of stable patterns of cognitions, emotions, and behaviors, yet personality psychologists rarely study behaviors. Even when examined, behaviors typically are considered to be validation criteria for traditional personality items. In the current study (N = 332,489), we conceptualize (self-reported, yearlong) behavioral frequencies as measures of personality. We investigate whether behavioral frequencies have incremental validity over traditional personality items in correlating personality with six outcome criteria. We use BISCUIT, a statistical learning technique, to find the optimal number of items for each criterion’s model, across three pools of items: traditional personality items (k = 696), behavioral frequencies (k = 425), and a combined pool. Compared to models using only traditional personality items, models using the combined pool are more strongly correlated to four criteria. We find mixed evidence of congruence between the type of criterion and the type of personality items that are most strongly correlated with it (e.g., behavioral criteria are most strongly correlated to behavioral frequencies). Findings suggest that behavioral frequencies are measures of personality that offer a unique effect in describing personality-criterion relationships beyond traditional personality items. We provide an updated, public-domain item pool of behavioral frequencies: the BARE (Behavioral Acts, Revised and Expanded) Inventory.
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The finding of personality stability in adulthood may be counterintuitive to people who perceive a great deal of change in their own personality. The purpose of this study is to determine whether self-reported perceived changes in personality are associated with actual changes based on a 6-to 9-year follow-up of 2,242 middle-aged male and female participants of the UNC Alumni Heart Study (UNCAHS). Respondents completed the Revised NEO Personality Inventory on two occasions and were asked to reflect back over a 6-year period and assess changes in their personality. The majority of respondents (n = 1,177; 52.5%) reported they had "stayed the same," while 863 (38.5%) reported they had "changed a little" and 202 (9%) reported they had "changed a good deal." Coefficients of personality profile agreement computed to evaluate global personality change for the three perceived change groups were essentially equivalent. Further, directional analyses of domain-specific changes in personality showed that perceived changes were weak predictors of residual gain scores. In an absolute sense, perceptions of stability or change were discordant in 8 of 15 (53%) comparisons. Self-perceptions of change are not an adequate substitute for objective assessments.
Personality changes
Counterintuitive
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People with epilepsy suffer from a considerable lack of physical activity. In addition, an important problem of epilepsy management is the lack of qualified professionals. In this study we present data from a survey which aimed to assess physical educators' general knowledge about epilepsy. One hundred and thirty four physical educators of both sexes answered a questionnaire. Sixty percent of the professionals believe that a seizure is an abnormal electrical discharge of the brain, 13% that epilepsy is a cerebral chronic disease that can not be cured or controlled, 84% that people having convulsions will not necessarily present epilepsy and 5% that people with epilepsy have difficulties of learning. Questions concerned previous professional experience with epilepsy showed that 61% have seen a seizure and 53% have access to some information about epilepsy. Thus, 28% of professionals have a friend or relative with epilepsy, 14% have a student with epilepsy, and 29% helped someone during seizures. Our findings reveal a lack of physical educators' appropriate knowledge about epilepsy. Improvement of this might contribute to the improvement of epilepsy care/management.
Health Professionals
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On the basis of the prospective study, concerning 100 children of mothers with epilepsy, observed in the first decade, it was established that epilepsy appeared more often in this period than it was reported in the retrospective studies. The frequency of epilepsy amounted 7%. The pregnant-perinatal negative factors in mothers whose children suffered from epilepsy, weren't essentially larger than in other mothers with epilepsy. The occurrence of epilepsy in mothers till 10 year's of age increases the risk of early appearance of epilepsy in offspring essentially (p < 0.05). The epilepsy with absence seizures in mothers is related to the increased number of children with epilepsy in the first decade significantly more often than the epilepsy only with generalized tonic-clonic seizures (p < 0.012). Among the children with epilepsy, there were cases with the same type as in mothers epilepsy (absence), and with other generalized idiopathic epileptic syndromes (West syndrome, Dose syndrome, epilepsy with tonic-clinic seizures). The course of epilepsy in offspring of mothers with epilepsy was typical for the relevant epileptic syndroms appearing in childhood.
Epilepsy syndromes
Epilepsy in children
Generalized epilepsy
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Purpose: The purpose of this article is to investigate how age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is associated with anxiety and depression. Methods: An online repository of deidentified patient data was queried to identify and retrospectively analyze patients with AMD, depression, or anxiety via ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes. Odds ratios were calculated between AMD and anxiety and depression, respectively. Results: Of the 51 019 patients analyzed in this study, 11 681 (22.9%) had depression, 8727 (17.1%) had anxiety, and 2752 (5.4%) had AMD. The prevalence of anxiety among AMD patients was 18.2%, and the prevalence of depression among AMD patients was 25.0%. The odds of a patient with AMD carrying a diagnosis of anxiety are 1.3 (95% CI 1.2, 1.5) times higher than a patient without AMD, and the odds of carrying a diagnosis of depression are also 1.3 (95% CI 1.1, 1.4) times more likely. Conclusions: Patients with AMD have increased odds of suffering from comorbid anxiety and depression. Ophthalmologists should consider mental health screens and appropriate referrals as new diagnoses of AMD are made or as the disease progresses.
Depression
Odds
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Generalized epilepsy
Epilepsy in children
Etiology
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Objective To investigate the incidence of type 2 diabetic inpatients' anxiety and depression,and discuss the treatment effect of health education.Methods We investigated the anxiety and depression of type 2 diabetic inpatients between January 2009 and May 2012,gave health education to the anxious and depressed patients,and reevaluation was carried out when the patients were discharged from the hospital.Results The result showed that 22.45% of the type 2 diabetic inpatients had anxiety,and 11.37% of them had depression.After the health education,the number of anxious patients was markedly reduced(P 0.05),especially in patients with mild and moderate anxiety,but it had no distinct improvement in severely anxious patients.To all the depressed patients,health education had bad curative effect,especially in those with moderate and serious depression.Conclusion Anxiety and depression have high incidence in type 2 diabetic inpatients,and health education is an effective treatment for patients with mild and moderate anxiety.
Depression
Anxiety score
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Throughout history, different systems have been developed to classify personality traits. Early systems were based on physiognomy, phrenology, facial and skeletal features, body types, or body fluids. More scientific studies of personality in psychology began in the early twentieth century when objective personality tests were developed with proven psychometric properties. Most of these tests were grounded in theories and research from Western cultures. As personality research and assessment are increasingly adopted in other non-Western cultures, questions have been raised about the cultural relevance of the existing theories and measures. In this chapter, we review the stages of cross-cultural personality assessment in psychology to address the issue of cultural relevance in personality assessment, and illustrate how indigenously derived measures, such as the Cross-Cultural Personality Assessment Inventory (CPAI-2) originating from the Chinese cultural context, can supplement the assumptions of universal models of personality in providing a more comprehensive understanding of personality in cultural contexts.
Physiognomy
Relevance
Personality psychology
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