Gastric microbiota features associated with cancer risk factors and clinical outcomes: A pilot study in gastric cardia cancer patients from Shanxi, China
Guoqin YuNan HuLemin WangChaoyu WangXiao‐You HanMike S. HumphryJacques RavelChristian C. AbnetPhilip R. TaylorAlisa M. Goldstein
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Abstract:
Little is known about the link between gastric microbiota and the epidemiology of gastric cancer. In order to determine the epidemiologic and clinical relevance of gastric microbiota, we used 16 S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing analysis to characterize the composition and structure of the gastric microbial community of 80 paired samples (non‐malignant and matched tumor tissues) from gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) patients in Shanxi, China. We also used PICRUSt to predict microbial functional profiles. Compared to patients without family history of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer in the non‐malignant gastric tissue microbiota, patients with family history of UGI cancer had higher Helicobacter pylori ( Hp) relative abundance (median: 0.83 vs . 0.38, p = 0.01) and lower alpha diversity (median observed species: 51 vs . 85, p = 0.01). Patients with higher ( vs . lower) tumor grade had higher Hp relative abundance (0.73 vs . 0.18, p = 0.03), lower alpha diversity (observed species, 66 vs . 89, p = 0.01), altered beta diversity (weighted UniFrac, p = 0.002) and significant alterations in relative abundance of five KEGG functional modules in non‐malignant gastric tissue microbiota. Patients without metastases had higher relative abundance of Lactobacillales than patients with metastases (0.05 vs . 0.01, p = 0.04) in non‐malignant gastric tissue microbiota. These associations were observed in non‐malignant tissues but not in tumor tissues. In conclusion, this study showed a link of gastric microbiota to a major gastric cancer risk factor and clinical features in GCA patients from Shanxi, China. Studies with both healthy controls and gastric cardia and noncardia cancer cases across different populations are needed to further examine the association between gastric cancer and the microbiota.Keywords:
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The microbial communities living on and in vertebrate hosts have myriad effects on their hosts, potentially including fitness and speciation. Microbiomes are influenced by both intrinsic (from the host) and extrinsic (from the environment) factors, but the relative contributions of each are unknown for most non-model species. Abiotic environmental factors can influence the microbiome directly but it is less clear how abiotic gradients shape microbiome communities in the wild. Here, we captured eight wild Anna’s hummingbirds from three different elevations along their elevational distribution in California and moved them directly to a middle (“Within Range”) elevation. After some time at this elevation, the birds were moved in captivity to an “Above Range” elevation, and two birds were later moved back to the Within Range elevation. Fecal and food samples were collected longitudinally and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene analyzed. The most abundant phyla in all samples were Fusobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Individual Bird ID explained the greatest amount of microbiome variation at 27.5%, signifying some amount of stability in the Anna’s hummingbird fecal microbiome. Sample elevation explained 19.6% ( p = 0.001) of the variation using weighted UniFrac, but only 2.0% ( p = 0.047) using unweighted UniFrac, implying a change in abundance of bacterial lineages in the microbiome but not in the presence or absence of the microbes. Additionally, Fusobacteria were 7.0x more abundant in the Above Range elevation samples while Firmicutes were 0.3x lower. A thorough understanding of how the environment can shape the microbiome may assist in conservation efforts and a general understanding of host-microbiome relationships in an era of rapid and global environmental change.
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