Free-breathing black-blood CINE fast-spin echo imaging for measuring abdominal aortic wall distensibility: a feasibility study
Jyh‐Miin LinAndrew J. PattersonTzu Cheng ChaoChengcheng ZhuHing‐Chiu ChangJason MendesHsiao‐Wen ChungJonathan H. GillardMartin J. Graves
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The paper reports a free-breathing black-blood CINE fast-spin echo (FSE) technique for measuring abdominal aortic wall motion. The free-breathing CINE FSE includes the following MR techniques: (1) variable-density sampling with fast iterative reconstruction; (2) inner-volume imaging; and (3) a blood-suppression preparation pulse. The proposed technique was evaluated in eight healthy subjects. The inner-volume imaging significantly reduced the intraluminal artifacts of respiratory motion (p = 0.015). The quantitative measurements were a diameter of 16.3 ± 2.8 mm and wall distensibility of 2.0 ± 0.4 mm (12.5 ± 3.4%) and 0.7 ± 0.3 mm (4.1 ± 1.0%) for the anterior and posterior walls, respectively. The cyclic cross-sectional distensibility was 35 ± 15% greater in the systolic phase than in the diastolic phase. In conclusion, we developed a feasible CINE FSE method to measure the motion of the abdominal aortic wall, which will enable clinical scientists to study the elasticity of the abdominal aorta.Keywords:
Abdominal aorta
Fast spin echo
Pancreatic elastase
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Abdominal aorta
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The objective of the study is to discuss the differences of blood cell parameters in rat by different sampling ways. Blood cells collected from abdominal aorta, orbitalis vein, jugular aorta and tail vein of 46 healthy rats were detected by ABBOTT CD-3700sl Automatic Hematology Analyzer. The parameters of WBC, RBC, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC and PLT from different sampling ways were analyzed and compared with those from abdominal aorta using paired t test. The results were as follows: all the parameters in tail vein group and orbital vein group were significantly higher than those in abdominal aorta group ( P 0.01), except MCV. While only the WBC in jugular aorta group was different from that in abdominal aorta group ( P 0.05). As to complete blood cell, orbital vein and tail vein were significantly different from abdominal aorta, but the difference was minor between jugular aorta and abdominal aorta. In a word, blood sampling ways would have effect on CBC. So each laboratory should set up own data base to construct consistent background.
Abdominal aorta
Jugular vein
Blood sampling
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The study was performed on 18 sections of the aneurysm-like abdominal aorta sampled during elective procedures of aneurysm correction in humans, and 10 sections of pig abdominal aorta. We examined the extent to which the presence of atherosclerotic plaque impaired the aorta contractile function and measured the thickness and weight of atherosclerosis plaque and arterial wall. We observed reduced tissue response to adrenaline in human aneurysm-like aorta in comparison to the control group. In the sections of human aorta devoid of atherosclerotic plaque the response to adrenaline was about 30% higher than in those with atherosclerotic changes but 35% lower than in normal aorta sections from pigs. The wall of aneurysm-like human aorta sections was thinner when compared to normal aorta.
Abdominal aorta
Contractility
Arterial wall
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All non-elastin tissue was removed from canine aortas by placing them in 0.1 N NaOH at 75 degrees C for varying periods of time. The segments of aorta were weighed in a Mettler Chemical Balance at intervals. In 10 dogs the average weight of the thoracic aorta was 5.01 +/- 0.388 (SE) g while that of the abdominal aorta was 3.08 +/- 0.346 g. After digestion, the thoracic aorta weighed 3.34 +/- 0.0275 g and the abdominal aorta 0.85 +/- 0.085 g. Thus, the elastin makes up 67% of the thoracic aorta but only 28% of the abdominal aorta. These are equivalent to 0.334 g/kg body weight for the thoracic aorta and 0.224 g/kg body weight for the abdominal aorta. The values were always stable between 5 and 7 h and usually between 3 and 12 h. Aortic elastin was obtained from 5 dogs after 5-7 h of digestion and prepared for analysis by scanning electron microscopy. The dimensions of the fenestrations in the internal elastic laminae were quantified as described previously. The lower abdominal aorta had the largest holes (2.227 +/- 0.048 micron), and the upper thoracic aorta the smallest holes (0.954 +/- 0.032 micron). There was no significant difference in the size of the fenestrations along the thoracic aorta, but those in the lower abdominal aorta were larger than those in the upper abdominal aorta. The possible significance of the fenestrations in the genesis of aortic disease is discussed briefly.
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The study was carried out on 10 swine of 20-30 kg body weight. Five animals were assigned to each of 2 groups. An aneurysm of the abdominal aorta was created experimentally in animals from the first and second study group. After 4 weeks, animals from the second group were subject to aneurysm repair using an aortic prosthesis. During the experiment, we measured the myoelectric activity of the muscular layer of the abdominal aorta and aneurysmal lesion with the ultrasonographic technique. Measurements of the aorta and aneurysmal lesion and histopathological analyses were carried out post-mortem. We found a statistically significant decrease in the myoelectric activity of the aorta on the aorta-straight prosthesis interface and a significant decrease in the thickness of the muscular layer of the aorta on the aorta-prosthesis interface. No similar changes were found for experimentally induced aneurysms of the abdominal aorta. A straight prosthesis graft may not be the perfect option in the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm, as it contributes to the remodelling of the tissue on the prosthesis-aorta interface. This may result in the relapse of an aneurysm and post-operative complications.
Abdominal aorta
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Objective:To compare and analyze the imaging features of pulmonary sequestration(PS)supplied by thoracic aorta and supplied by abdominal aorta.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed in 23 patients with PS confirmed by pathology after operation and the CT images were comparatively analyzed according to the source of blood supply.Results:Of the 23 patients with PS,16 cases were supplied by thoracic aorta and 7of them had two supplying arteries,7cases were supplied by abdominal aorta.The lesions appeared as mass with soft tissue density in 21 cases.One case supplied by thoracic aorta showed cystic heterogeneous density.In one case supplied by thoracic aorta,focal thick vessel was shown.The average diameter and length of the supplying arteries from thoracic aorta were(4.8±2.2)mm and(37±12)mm respectively,while these from abdominal aorta were(3.3±0.5)mm and(104±42)mm respectively.The length of supplying arteries and volume of sequestrated lung tissues supplied by thoracic aorta were smaller than those supplied by abdominal aorta(P0.001).Conclusion:PS supplied by thoracic and abdominal aorta share similar imaging features.The length of supplying arteries and the volume of sequestrated lung tissues supplied by thoracic aorta are different from those supplied by abdominal aorta.
Abdominal aorta
Thoracic aorta
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Aim of this study was to evaluate the aging of aorta with respect to atherosclerotic modifications: abdominal aorta echotomography is the preferred approach for this study. In 354 elderly patients, 65 and over, we have evaluated the diameter and the course of the aorta, the presence of atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta and iliac vessels, and the presence of aneurysms. Two kinds of findings could be identified by echotomography: age-related physiologic modifications, represented essentially by an increase of the aortic diameter; pathologic changes, characteristic for atherosclerosis, of which aneurysms are the most dangerous complications.
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1. Injuries of the abdominal aorta in dogs may be corrected with subsequent perfect restoration of the continuity of the vessel. 2. The complete occlusion of the aorta for a period of 30 minutes is not necessarily followed by serious consequences. 3. In cases in which a portion of the aorta must be resected, an arterial segment taken from another animal can be safely utilized as a transplant. 4. While the reestablishment of the continuity of the severed aorta by the circular suture is possible, the approximation of the severed ends during the suture entails such injury that thrombosis frequently occurs. Therefore, when the aorta is completely severed, the introduction of a transplanted segment is indicated. 5. An arterial tube of increased caliber made of smaller vessels such as the carotid lends itself readily as a transplant to the severed aorta, with a reasonable assurance of reestablishing the continuity of this vessel. 6. Defects in the aorta can be readily corrected by the use of fascial transplants with a minimum danger of thrombosis.
Abdominal aorta
Endarterectomy
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The syndrome of chronic occlusion of the aorta and iliac arteries, as described by Leriche in 1940, has been attributed to atherosclerosis by practically all who have written on this condition.1-3However, the histories of the patients to be described lead one to believe that the atherosclerosis and thrombosis in some patients may be secondary to past trauma to the abdominal aorta rather than the primary cause of the syndrome. A patient who drew our attention to the fact that the abdominal aorta is susceptible to injury was a 36-year-old man, seen in 1954, who was struck in the abdomen by a wooden beam moving at high speed. At operation the abdominal aorta was found to be thrombosed. This is an extreme example of trauma resulting in acute thrombosis of the abdominal aorta. It occurred to us that trauma of less degree may subsequently result in occlusion of the
Abdominal aorta
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