REUSE OF LEACHED NUTRIENT SOLUTION IN TOMATO SOILLESS CULTURE
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The advantage of closed soilless systems is protection of surface and ground water from pollution with nutrients and pesticides. Beside that, savings of water and nutrients could be made. The aim of the research was to determine amounts of added and leached nutrient solution during tomato growing period, their composition and possibility of reusing leached nutrient solution for fertigation after filtration and UV-sterilization. Tomato plants were planted on 11th February. During the harvest period from 12th May till 27th October 39.1 kg m-2 of marketable fruits were harvested. Number and duration of fertigation rates depended on the plant development stage and weather conditions. Amounts of leached nutrient solution were measured with installed percolate collectors. Leached nutrient solution was collected, filtered and UV-sterilized. After sterilization it was mixed with a new nutrient solution in a 1:3 ratio. Composition of nutrient solution was determined periodically (every two weeks) at the laboratory, while pH- and EC-values were measured with a portable pH- and EC-meter once a week. During growing period 919 L m-2 nutrient solution was added and 371 L m-2 was leached. The ratio between added and leached nutrient solution ranged from 18.7 % to 55.4 %. For all macro elements, with the exception of phosphate, higher concentrations (from 43 % for K+ to 101 % for Mg2+) were recorded in leached than in added nutrient solution. Phosphate concentration was 58 % lower in leached than in added nutrient solution. Reuse of leached and sterilized nutrient solution is feasible but requires constant control of the composition and pH- and EC-values of nutrient solution to avoid higher deviations, which might have a negative effect on tomato yield. Closed soilless system is ecologically acceptable because excess nutrient solution is adequately disposed of and reused in the production cycle.Keywords:
Hydroponics
Four formulae of nutrient solution were used to plant Zamioculcas zamiifolia in still hydroponics. The results showed that all growth indices of Zamioculcas zamiifolia in still hydroponics were near to or better than those in medium culture. The pH value of nutrient solution dropped and the EC value increasd, while the growth of Zamioculcas zamiifolia was not affected. Water consumption, total uptake of N, P and K and nutrient efficiency were the highest in formula 4. Therefore, Zamioculcas zamiifolia is adaptable to still hydroponics and formula 4 is the best among the formulae tested. In addition, the growth rate and absorption rate of water and nutrients by Zamioculcas zamiifolia were different during different periods.
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Abstract Hydroponic and aeroponic methods have been used to study the propagation and growth of plants (1, 2, 4). A combination of these two methods of liquid culture, aero-hydroponics, has been developed (3). Known as the Ein Gedi System (EGS), this aerohydroponics method incorporates the advantages (buffered nutrient capacity of hydroponics and water oxygenation of aeroponics) of both types of liquid culture. The objective of this study was to compare aero-hydroponics (EGS) and solid media for cutting propagation with and without overhead mist.
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Mist
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The generation of electronic waste(e-waste) is increasing drastically as the result of rapid development of information technology.Due to low economic benefit of recycling,plastics in e-waste which is in large proportions is disposed with landfill and incineration method.In order to improve plastic recycling and reuse from e-waste,the categories and quantity of plastic in e-waste were reviewed and current study on plastic recycling and reuse from e-waste was introduced.The problem existed in plastic recycling from e-waste as well as solutions were also analyzed.
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Electronic waste
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Hydroponics
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Hydroponic systems for crop production are nowadays essential to maximize yields. Sometimes, the benefits of hydroponics have been questioned by the researchers as compared to growing of crops in other soilless culture. The growers raised the crops through hydroponics system get yields more compared to conventional practices as hydroponically grown plants dip their roots directly into nutrient-rich solutions. Therefore, the aim of the current chapter is to provide accurate and updated information about their different nutrients and their composition used hydroponically compared to conventional production mode. This chapter will be divided as the following sections: (1) rationale, (2) nutrient solution technique, and (3) work done on fruit crops. With this chapter, we hope to present an updated information, comparing hydroponic versus conventional technique.
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Hydroponics
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In order to promote hydroponics tomato technology in large scale,solve hydroponics tomato cultivation in the root zone hypoxia problem,with ten hydroponics tomato varieties as test material,effect of rhizosphere hypoxia stress on tomato CAT activity was studied.The results showed that,during 30 days rhizosphere hypoxia stress,CAT activity was activated under the root zone hypoxia conditions firstly,then as hypoxia time increasing,CAT activity decreased;CAT activity decreased to varying degrees of different hydroponics tomato varieties;Under hypoxic conditions,the relative strong CAT activity tomato varieties was‘Zimeigui',the relative weaker tomato varieties was‘Huangzhenzhu'.
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Hypoxia
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Бұл зерттеужұмысындaКaно моделітурaлы жәнеоғaн қaтыстытолықмәліметберілгенжәнеуниверситетстуденттерінебaғыттaлғaн қолдaнбaлы (кейстік)зерттеужүргізілген.АхметЯссaуи университетініңстуденттеріүшін Кaно моделіқолдaнылғaн, олaрдың жоғaры білімберусaпaсынa қоятынмaңыздытaлaптaры, яғнисaпaлық қaжеттіліктері,олaрдың мaңыздылығытурaлы жәнесaпaлық қaжеттіліктерінеқaтыстыөз университетінқaлaй бaғaлaйтындығытурaлы сұрaқтaр қойылғaн. Осы зерттеудіңмaқсaты АхметЯсaуи университетіндетуризмменеджментіжәнеқaржы бaкaлaвриaт бaғдaрлaмaлaрыныңсaпaсынa қaтыстыстуденттердіңқaжеттіліктерінaнықтaу, студенттердіңқaнaғaттaну, қaнaғaттaнбaу дәрежелерінбелгілеу,білімберусaпaсын aнықтaу мен жетілдіружолдaрын тaлдaу болыптaбылaды. Осы мaқсaтқaжетуүшін, ең aлдыменКaно сaуaлнaмaсы түзіліп,116 студенткеқолдaнылдыжәнебілімберугежәнеоның сaпaсынa қaтыстыстуденттердіңтaлaптaры мен қaжеттіліктерітоптықжұмыстaрaрқылыaнықтaлды. Екіншіден,бұл aнықтaлғaн тaлaптaр мен қaжеттіліктерКaно бaғaлaу кестесіменжіктелді.Осылaйшa, сaпa тaлaптaры төрт сaнaтқa бөлінді:болуытиіс, бір өлшемді,тaртымдыжәнебейтaрaп.Соңындa,қaнaғaттaну мен қaнaғaттaнбaудың мәндеріесептелдіжәнестуденттердіңқaнaғaттaну мен қaнaғaттaнбaу деңгейлерінжоғaрылaту мен төмендетудеосытaлaптaр мен қaжеттіліктердіңрөліaйқын aнықтaлды.Түйінсөздер:сaпa, сaпaлық қaжеттіліктер,білімберусaпaсы, Кaно моделі.
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This study was conducted at San Agustin, Magalang, Pampanga [Philippines] from November 2000 to March 2001 to determine the effect of hydroponics on the growth performance of vegetable integrated with fish culture. The hydroponics area was 18 square meters. It was installed in a greenhouse to control temperature and insects. A simple t-test and linear correlation were used in analyzing the data. Based on the results, the okra under hydroponics with tilapia had approximately the same growth rate compared with the same plants in soil. These plants grew bigger in the traditional method than those grown in the hydroponics with tilapia. Meanwhile, the tilapia under hydroponics did not have the same growth rate with tilapia grown in fishpond; the mean weight of tilapia under hydroponics was 26.26 g while 48.75 g was the weight of tilapia grown in the traditonal method
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Aquaponics
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Hydroponic is a subset of soilless culture and is a method to artificially grow plants by nutrient solutions instead of soil.Hydroponics culture can provide the nutrient,oxygen,water and heat,which meet the require of plants′ growth and development.The hydroponics culture techniques of Gynura bicolor were introduced from seedling,disinfecting,planting,water and fertilizer regulation harvesting,etc,so as to provide technical references for vegetable production by hydroponics.
Hydroponics
Green house
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