The Serum Level of Soluble Adhesion Molecules in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke.
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The targeting and recruitment of inflammatory cells to vascular endothelium in ischaemic heart diseases is mediated by Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1), Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule (VCAM-1) and E-selectin and proinflammatory cytokines. Accumulation of mononuclear cells to the endothelium is one of the earliest events in the formation of an atherosclerotic lesion. The aim of this study was to estimate the serum concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), selectin E (sE-selectin) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (Group 1--n = 18 patients: 3 women and 15 men, mean age--60 years), unstable angina pectoris (Grupa 2--n = 31 patients: 8 women and 23 men, mean age--62 years and stable heart disease (Grupa 3--n = 25 patients: 14 women and 11 men, mean age--61 years. The control group (Group 4--n = 20) consist of twenty healthy patient without coronary risk factors. ELISA method was used to determine the concentration of adhesion molecules of acute inflammation parameters, and traditional risk factors with using standard methods. The serum levels of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 were markedly elevated in patients with acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina pectoris and stable heart disease compared to control group (p < 0.001, p < 0.004, p < 0.0002 for sICAM-1, p < 0.007, p < 0.003, p < 0.004 for sVCAM-1). Serum concentration of sE-selectin in three groups was similar, we did not find statistically significant differences between them. Furthermore, serum concentrations of adhesion molecules correlated with serum concentrations of acute inflammation parameters and traditional coronary risk factor for example BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and lipid concentration. Additional serum concentration of sICAM-1 was elevated in smoking patients compared to non-smokers. We conclude that evaluation of adhesion molecules (sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 in patients with heart diseases can be unspecific markers of activity of inflammatory process in coronary vascular endothelium.
Unstable angina
Proinflammatory cytokine
E-selectin
Endothelial Activation
P-selectin
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Pathogenesis
Stroke
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Ischemic stroke is among the top diseases leading to mortality and disability in the world. The detailed investigation of the mechanisms underlying this pathology and especially mediating the tendency to relapse during the first year after stroke incident undoubtedly belongs to important tasks of modern medicine and biology. The current study aims to analyze the influence of IgG derived from the blood serum of ischemic stroke patients on some hemostasis factors. In total, 123 participants with IS, 62 with atherothrombotic ischemic stroke, 61 with cardioembolic ischemic stroke, and 57 subjects as control have been examined. The same patients have participated in the research a year after stroke. IgG from serum was isolated by affinity chromatography on protein A Sepharose column. The activity of key hemostasis factors under the influence of IgG was analyzed. Obtained results revealed that IgG of stroke patients but not healthy subjects caused the inhibition of the amidolytic activity of endogenously generated thrombin, protein C, factor Xa, and led to an increase in the degree of ADP-induced platelet aggregation. The reduction of clotting time in the test "Thrombin time" by IgG of patients at the acute phase of disease was also observed; IgG of healthy subjects mediated the opposite effect. In contrast to acute ischemic stroke IgG, IgG of patients one year after both atherothrombotic and cardioembolic ischemic stroke influenced only the activity of endogenously generated thrombin and factor Xa resulting in inhibition of their activities. It was also established that IgG of ischemic stroke patients, as well as healthy subjects, stimulated the secretion of tissue plasminogen activator by endotheliocytes.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the dynamics of selected acute phase proteins in serum of patients with cerebral ischaemic stroke. The investigation was done in 30 patients with cerebral ischaemic stroke. Alpha1-acid glycoprotein and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin levels in serum of patients with cerebral ischaemic stroke on III and VII day of illness were statistically significantly higher than in the control group.
Orosomucoid
Ischaemic stroke
Alpha (finance)
Stroke
Cerebral stroke
Brain ischemia
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Platelet activation has a critical role in arterial disorders.In this study, we showed that the upregulation of P-selectin expression on platelets was related with clinical worsening in acute ischemic stroke.We serially (within 24 hr, at 72 hr, and 7 days) measured the expression of P-selectin on platelets in patients with acute ischemic stroke (n=45) and investigated the correlation between their extents and clinical severity of ischemic stroke.A significant relationship between the P-selectin expressions and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was observed at 72 hr and 7 days after ischemic stroke onset.Patients with clinical deterioration showed significantly increased expression of P-selectin on platelets as compared to those without deterioration.These results suggest that the P-selectin expression on platelets may contribute to the aggravation of clinical course in acute ischemic stroke.Thus, adequate manipulation of activated platelets is an important therapeutic strategy in acute ischemic stroke.
P-selectin
Stroke
Brain ischemia
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Elevation (ballistics)
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Objectives
Evidence is emerging that serum soluble cellular adhesion molecules contributes to the development and progression of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Little is known, however, regarding an association between soluble cellular adhesion molecules levels and total cholesterol and lipoproteins in humans.Methods
We investigated the relationship between serum soluble cellular adhesion molecules and total cholesterol and lipoproteins in 106 cases patients referred to atherosclerosis (AS), among which 56 cases were diagnosed as unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and 50 cases as acute myocardial infarction (AMI), moreover, 50 cases were selected as normal people. ELISA was used to detect serum protein levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule type 1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule type 1 (sVCAM-1) and endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule (E-selectin) of patients. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured for analyses.Results
Compared with normal people, the expression of serum sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and E-selectin of UAP and AMI patients was obviously increased, and there were higher expression in AMI patients than in UAP patients. Pearson correlation analysis as well as age and gender adjusted partial correlation analysis revealed a positive association between sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and E- with TG and LDL-C and a negative association with HDL-C, but not with TC.Conclusions
Soluble cellular adhesion molecules might be involved in the process of atherosclerosis; our findings warrant further interventional studies which should evaluate anti-atherosclerotic effects of soluble cellular adhesion molecules blocking treatment strategies in humans.Unstable angina
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Herbal remedies are widely used for the treatment and prevention of various diseases and often contain highly active pharmacological compounds. These products have the potential of contamination with different microorganisms. This is due to raw materials contamination and unhygienic production conditions. In this study, microbiological quality of some herbal solid dosage forms from public markets, in the city of Sari, Iran was examined. 20 herbal products as tablet, powder and capsule were prepared. The products were evaluated for microbial contamination by USP (United States Pharmacopoeia) microbial limit test for enumeration and identification. Total aerobic count showed that all products had more than 1100 microorganism per gram. Isolation and identification of microbial contamination showed that all the samples were contaminated with Salmonella sp. and there was no evidence for contamination of the samples by Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. In conclusion, all the samples of herbal drugs evaluated did not generally meet the standards for microbial limits as specified in official monographs. Such products can adversely affect health status of consumers as well as the stability of the products. Key words: Microbial quality, herbal, contamination, solid dosage form
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