Effects of harvest stage and nitrogen doses on yield and quality of Endive (Cichorium endivia L.)
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The influence of variety and foliar applications of Atonik and Polybor 150 on root yield and inulin content in root of chicory (Cichorium Intybus L.) plant were observed in field polyfactorial experiment. The field trials were established on experimental station Dolna Malanta in warm maize production area in 2005 and 2006 years. The root yield and inulin content were statistically high significantly influenced by year’s weather conditions. In term of obtained root yield and inulin content in root the combination of foliar preparations on variant B (Atonik: 0.4 l ha-1 in 2nd post-emergence herbicide application; Atonik + Polybor 150: 0.6 + 2.5 l ha-1 in 3rd post-emergence herbicide application; Polybor 150: 2.5 l ha-1 in 1st fungicide treatment) was shown to be optimal in given agri-ecological conditions. Biological material affected the formation of yield parameters very differently. The highest yield of root was observed at variety Fredonia Nova and inulin content in root at variety Maurane (both statistically significant).
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Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Growth, Yield, and Quality of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) Transplants
`South Bay' lettuce transplants were grown in F392A styrofoam Speedling® flats at different levels of N to evaluate the effect of N on transplant quality and subsequent yield and head quality in the field. Plants were irrigated eight times over a 4-week growing period by floating flats for 30 min in nutrient solution containing eight 0, 15, 39, 45, or 60 mg·liter –1 N supplied from NH4NO3. Dry shoot mass, leaf area, and plant height increased linearly with increasing N rates and dry root mass and stem diameter increased in a quadratic fashion. Transplants with the greatest plant biomass were, therefore, produced with 60 mg·liter –1 N. Plants from the 15, 30, 45 and 60 mg·liter –1 N treatments were planted in sandy soil in plastic-mulched beds under drip irrigation. To optimize lettuce head maturity among the treatments, plants from the N treatments were harvest 53, 56, and 59 days after transplanting (DAT). The optimum time to harvest was determined to be 56 DAT. There was no yield response (measured in terms of head mass) or quality response (measured in terms of head height, head diameter, head compactness or core length) to N applied during transplant production. This indicated that transplants produced with 15 mg·liter –1 N gave equally good yield to those produced with 30, 45, or 60 mg·liter –1 N when N was applied via flotation irrigation.
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An experiment was conducted to develop a model of vegetative growth based on the nitrate concentrations in nutrient solutions using the nutrient film technique and to determine the best cultivar for each concentration. The chicory cultivars ("Pão de Açúcar," "Folha Larga," "Precoce de Trieste" and "Catalonha") and the subplots corresponded to different nitrate concentrations (6.68, 10.0, 13.32 and 16.64 mmol L−1). There was an interaction between the evaluated factors, such that there was no similarity in the response of the chicory cultivars to the N concentrations in the nutrient solution. The most productive chicory cultivar was "Pão de Açúcar," which exhibited 10.5% higher productivity than the average, and the least productive was "Folha Larga," which showed approximately 8.5% lower productivity than the average.
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Nitrogen fertilizer
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Abstract This study aimed to determine the effects of different levels of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on the growth, production, and nutrient content of Cichorium intybus. The study was carried out at the Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Cichorium intybus were cultivated on a 1x1.5 m plot. Treatments on this study were different levels of nitrogen fertilizer: 0 kg/ha (N0); 25 kg/ha (N1); and 50 kg/ha (N2), with 3 replications on each treatment. Fertilizing was performed once, on day-5 of the growing phase. The height and length of the plants were recorded once a week for 21 days. The Cichorium intybus were defoliated on day-21. For the harvesting, the plants were cut 7.5 cm above the soil. Variables observed in this study include vegetative growth parameters (height and length of the plant, length of the leaf, the width of the leaf, and several leaves) and biomass production (fresh, dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) productions). All data were analyzed using one-way variance analysis, followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test for significantly different results. According to this study, the different levels of nitrogen fertilizer significantly affected (P-value <0.05) plant height and length, length and width of leaf, and biomass production. The highest production was obtained on the group receiving 50 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer, which produced 16.74 ton/ha fresh production, 1.36 ton/ha DM, and 1.10 ton/ha OM. Hence, it can be concluded that 50 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer treatment yields the highest production.
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