Lung sarcomatoid carcinoma (LSC) harbors targetable genomic alterations and high mutational burden as observed by comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP)
Balázs HalmosGarrett M. FramptonJames SuhEmilie BraunRanee MehraStephen H. BuckJosé A. BufillNir PeledNagla Abdel KarimPaul A. S. FishkinJames A. KnostS.-H.I. OuJ.S. RossP.J. StephensV. A. MillerSiraj M. AliAB Schrock
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Bleomycin was administered intrabronchially to four baboons in doses of 1 mg/kg for four consecutive weeks. At necropsy 6 months later, the lesions produced differed markedly from those resulting from parenteral administration of bleomycin and consisted of diffuse foci of inflammation and fibrosis of the lung parenchyma associated with small airway lesions. Airway lesions were found in respiratory bronchioles and consisted of bronchiolar wall inflammation, hyper-plasia of smooth muscle, and epithelial bronchiolization of adjacent alveolated structures. Many bronchioles were obliterated by the fibrotic process. Physiologically, these animals demonstrated findings of both lung fibrosis and obstruction of small airways. Biochemical measurements confirmed the histologic appearance of increased lung collagen in three of four animals. These findings indicate that obstruction of small airways by processes which cause lung fibrosis may be separable physiologically from processes which affect only the lung parenchyma.
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To determine the morphologic characteristics of the nonciliated epithelium found in chondroid hamartoma of the lung.The morphologic characteristics and immunohistochemical reaction for surfactant protein A of the nonciliated epithelium in chondroid hamartoma of the lung was studied by immunohistochemistry. Alveolar epithelium in normal lung tissue and lung tissue surrounding primary lung cancer or metastatic lung lesions was used as a control.In all cases, the nonciliated epithelium in chondroid hamartoma showed the morphologic criteria of hyperplastic alveolar type II cells and a very strong positive surfactant protein A reaction in the cytoplasm when compared with alveolar epithelium of the normal lung. Similar hyperplastic type II cells were also found in the alveolar lung around metastatic or primary lung tumors.These findings may indicate that the nonciliated cells found in chondroid hamartoma of the lung are hyperplastic type II cells. This suggests that the alveolar epithelium found in chondroid hamartoma of the lung is a secondary reaction around the hamartoma and not a primary component of the lesion.
Hamartoma
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From 1950 to 1973, 169 patients received irradiation for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The average survival time was 10 months, with 7% of the patients living 2 years or more. The median survival time was 7 months; palliation averaged 6 months. Most completing therapy (89%) achieved some palliation: 66% had significant relief of dysphagia for 2 months or longer. The anatomical location of the malignant obstruction did not influence therapeutic response: there was similar response in cases of upper, middle, and lower esophageal lesions. Thirty patients with progressive obstruction underwent endoesophageal intubation with Celestin tube placement; this procedure provided symptomatic relief with minimal morbidity.
Esophageal disease
Palliative Treatment
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The localization of surfactant protein (SP), A, B, C, and D mRNAs was examined in B6C3F1 mice in the normal lung, and in a range of spontaneous proliferative lung lesions using nonisotopic in situ hybridization (ISH). The aim was to develop diagnostic markers, and if possible, throw further light on the histogenesis of these lesions. Tissues from 21 animals were examined, the lesions studied were: 4 alveolar epithelial hyperplasias, 12 alveolar/bronchiolar (A/B) adenomas, and 5 A/B carcinomas. Lung metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were used as controls. In the nonneoplastic lung, staining for SP A, B, and C mRNA was observed in normal and hyperplastic type II cells but not in the bronchiolar epithelium. SP mRNAs were present in all lung tumors, with SPs A, B, and C being coexpressed in 10/12 (83%) of adenomas and 4/ 5 (80%) of carcinomas in both solid and tubulopapillary areas. No signals for SP D mRNA were noted in normal or neoplastic lung. Additionally, no staining for any SP transcript was observed in the HCC metastases examined. In summary, ISH for SP A, B, or C mRNA was a helpful aid in the diagnosis of proliferative lesions of the murine lung, enabling differentiation from hepatocellular metastases. Furthermore, this work provides strong support for the proposal that spontaneous lung tumors in B6C3F1 mice are of alveolar, not bronchiolar origin, and consistently show type II cell differentiation. We suggest that such tumors should be referred to as alveolar adenomas and carcinomas.
Histogenesis
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Objective To observe the pathological features of seawater drowning induced acute lung injury(SWD-ALI) model in rabbits. Methods The animal model of SWD-ALI was established firstly. Then rabbits of SWD-ALI group and control group were sacrificed to gain lung tissues for pathology examination.Semi-quantitative analysis was used in the examination on histological changes of SWD-ALI lung tissues.Results The histological study showed that in the experimental group, the downward sites of lungs appeared congested and edematous,which was called hepatization. On cut surface,the lesions became dark red with the effusion of reddish edematous fluid. Microscopically,the alveolar septa became markedly damaged and the fusion of alveoli appeared. Alveoli and lung parenchyma were edematous. The inflammatory cells infiltrated into the lung parenchyma and alveolar cavities. Conclusions The broken alveolar septa and inflammatory cells infiltration are the main pathological features of SWD-ALI, which are different from the other ALIs whose histological features are the edematous alveoli and lung parenchyma.
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Acute lung injury; Seawater; Pathology
Parenchyma
Infiltration (HVAC)
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Two unusual primary carcinomas of the lung are described. One occurred in a 31-year-old man and was composed of large, undifferentiated, ovoid to polygonal cells. The other occurred in a 72-year-old man, was composed of spindle-shaped cells, and was initially diagnosed as a localized fibrous mesothelioma. The neoplastic cells of these tumors expressed only vimentin intermediate filaments and showed no other immunohistochemical features of epithelial neoplasms, although they exhibited a metastatic pattern characteristic of lung carcinomas. These two malignant neoplasms further expand the spectrum of unusual lung neoplasms, and suggest that there are pulmonary carcinomas that contain only vimentin intermediate filaments.
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Eight foci of tumourlets of the lung and one allied lesion obtained from autopsy cases were histologically examined. The tumourlet of the lung consisted of epithelial cells and was considered to be a benign lesion. Small sized-lesion, uniformity of proliferating cells with very few mitosis and existence of associated lung lesions were documented as characteristic findings. However, the histopathogenesis of the tumourlet was not fully clarified. It was found that proliferating cells of tumourlets often show argyro-philia and contain numerous neurosecretory-like granules in their cytoplasm. These characteristics are very similar to Kultschitzky-like cells of the lung.
Precancerous lesion
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