Confirmation of a Diagnosis by CSF Analysis in a Case of Symptomatic Contrast-induced Encephalopathy with an Onset Immediately after Coil Embolization of an Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysm
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Objective: A case of contrast-induced encephalopathy, a complication of intracranial endovascular treatment, in which the measurement of the iodine concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was effective for the diagnosis is reported.Balance experiments have demonstrated that growing pigs fed a ration consisting of wheat, barley, extracted soya meal, dicalciumphosphate, and iodine‐free feeding salt utilised 48.8% of the received iodine. The tested supplementary iodine sources included potassium iodide (KI), ethylenediamine dihydroiodide (EDDI), iodine humate (HUI) prepared from iodine acid (HIO3), and the product P containing 0.004% iodine in an oil base (P). The amount of the supplemented iodine was in all cases 1 mg per 1 kg feed. The utilisation of iodine from the supplements reached 93.6, 92.6, 90.7, and 67.9% for KI, EDDI, P, and HUI, respectively. The values were significantly higher compared with controls (P < 0.01). Compared with KI and EDDI, the utilisation of iodine from HUI was significantly lower (P < 0.01). The lower availability of iodine from HUI was probably due to the high binding capacity of humate. The amount of urinary iodine excreted by control pigs receiving in the non‐supplemented ration 147.5 μg iodine per day, was 40.3 μg per day (27.3%). In the pigs receiving in the supplemented ration 1647.5 μg iodine per day, the amount of urinary iodine reached 734.9 to 805.0 μg per day (44.6 to 48.9%). The corresponding values of faecal excretion were 75.6 μg iodine per day (51.2%) for the control pigs and 106.2 to 121.1 μg iodine per day (6.45 to 7.35%) for the pigs fed the supplemented rations. A high amount of 528.6 μg iodine per day (32.1%) was excreted in the faeces by pigs of the group HUI.
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Abstract Introduction: Povidone-Iodine was introduced to the pharmaceutical market as an antiseptic agent in the 1950’s. In this study, we presented a measurement method for “Free” Iodine in Povidone-Iodine solutions and its effect on disinfection of these solutions was investigated. Methods and Results: In this study, Povidone-Iodine solutions were prepared with different concentration of free iodine but with the same available iodine, then free iodine in these solutions was measured by heptane extraction method. pH, available Iodine and Iodide was measured according to BP2017 pharmacopeia. The antibacterial activity of these specimens was investigated after 15, 30, 60, 120 seconds on two microorganisms including pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus. All specimens were acceptable according to pharmacopeia acceptance criteria and because the amount of molecular iodine (so-called free iodine) determines the level of antibacterial activity in Povidone-Iodine, the reduction in free iodine until a specified concentration in this study, did not decrease on acceptable antibacterial activity. Conclusions: Because high free iodine is the main factor for skin irritations, reducing free iodine in Povidone-Iodine disinfectants until a specific concentration, in addition to preserve antibacterial properties, reduces skin irritation considerably. Key words: Povidone-Iodine, Free Iodine, Antibacterial.
Antiseptic
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Hydroponics experiment was carried out to investigate iodine(iodide or iodate)uptake in celery and Chinese cabbage.Iodine uptake in both plants increased rapidly within a short time treatment(60 min)and then decreased gradually.With low iodine concentration(0-0.50 mg/L)treatments,characteristics reminiscent of Michaelis-Menten kinetics was observed via relationship of concentration of iodate or iodate and the the iodine uptake rate.Iodate uptake was inhibited by oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor 2,4-dinitrophenol when the plants were treated with less than 0.50 mg/L iodate,whereas no significant inhibit was observed and the iodine uptake rate was linearly correlated to the iodine concentration when iodate concentration was above 0.50 mg/L,which suggested that plant can actively uptake iodate when under low concentration.As compared to Chinese cabbage,celery showed a greater iodine uptake.The iodine content in the vegetable edible parts increased in the first week then decreased as the iodine was added only once at the beginning,whereas the iodine content of edible parts of vegetable increased constantly when continuously supplied with iodine.When treated with low iodine concentration(0.50 mg/L),iodine uptake in both plants were reduced by chlorine,but no significant effect of chlorine on iodine uptake in the plants treated with high iodine concentration.The iodine accumulation coefficient in both plant was decreased when the iodine concentration in the media increased.The iodine distribution in both plants was rootleafstem.
Iodate
Potassium iodate
Hydroponics
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Iodate
Potassium iodate
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Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a recognized pathogenic particle in human plasma, but its presence in the cerebrospinal fluid and its possible role in the central nervous system have not been documented. We tested the hypothesis that apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)], free or as a component of the Lp(a) particle, can cross the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and be found in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients affected by neurologic pathologies.We studied paired cerebrospinal fluid/serum samples from 77 patients with inflammatory (n=20) or noninflammatory (n=34) blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier dysfunction and without blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier dysfunction (n=23). We used ELISA to measure Lp(a) concentrations and Western blot and immunodetection to analyze apo(a) isoforms in native and reducing conditions.Entire Lp(a) with either small or large apo(a) isoforms was present in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier dysfunction, regardless of its pathogenesis. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that both serum Lp(a) concentration (P=0.003) and cerebrospinal fluid/serum albumin ratio (P<0.001) were predictors of the Lp(a) concentration in cerebrospinal fluid.Our results demonstrate that Lp(a) can cross a dysfunctional blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. The unusual presence of Lp(a) in the cerebrospinal fluid could extend some of its known pathogenic effects to the central nervous system.
Glymphatic System
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Complex intracranial aneurysm includes great aneurysm,wide-necked aneurysm,fusiform aneurysm,minute aneurysm,dissecting aneurysm and pseudoaneurysm.Endovascular treatment on complex intracranial aneurysm has more advantage than neurosurgical technique.However,it is still difficult to perform endovascular treatment for most of complex intracranial aneurysms.The review introduces various kinds of endovascular treatments.
Fusiform Aneurysm
Pseudoaneurysm
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Cerebrospinal fluid pressure
Cerebral ventricle
Osmotic concentration
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Patch testing with Iodine/potassium-iodide (3%) and commercialized povidone (PVP)-iodine preparations (Betaisodona-ointment and solution, Polyvidon-Jod-ointment "Braun", Braunol-solution "Braun", Traumasept-ointment, and Traumasept solution--not marketed--, were carried out in 104 patients of the Department of Dermatology of the Municipal Hospital Kassel. In addition, the according ointment and solution-bases were tested. 22 tests were patients with ulcera crurum, 82 patients with infectious skin diseases or skin tumors. 35 out of the 104 patients showed positive reactions to iodine/potassium-iodide. Hyperreactivity to one or more PVP-iodine-ointments was found in 12 patients, to one or more PVP-iodine solutions in 29 patients. If there was no positive reaction to iodine/potassium-iodide, PVP-iodine ointments were always tolerated, while PVP-iodine-solutions produced positive reactions in 9 cases even then. Our results show that allergic skin reactions must be expected in 2-9% of all patients using PVP-iodine ointments, and in 12-20% of all patients using PVP-iodine-solutions. If iodine-allergy is known the rate of positive reactions to PVP-iodine ointments is 6-25% to the solutions 34-60%.
Iodine compounds
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Total and dialyzable thyroxine in cerebrospinal fluid and in serum were measured in 33 euthyroid patients with various neurological disorders and in 2 hypo-and 2 hyperthyroid patients. Total and dialyzable thyroxine in cerebrospinal fluid were found to be influenced by the protein concentration in cerebrospinal fluid and by the thyroid parameters in serum. Mean values for free thyroxine in the whole material were found to be almost identical in serum and in cerebrospinal fluid, suggesting a free passive passage of thyroxine through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. The total binding capacity of thyroxine was found to be higher in cerebrospinal fluid than in serum samples diluted to the same protein concentration as in cerebrospinal fluid, probably due to a higher concentration of prealbumin in cerebrospinal fluid.
Free thyroxine
CSF albumin
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Anodal mobility of iodoinsulin on starch-gel electrophoresis increases progressively as the number of iodine atoms substituted in the molecule increases. The iodine content of iodine-131 solutions is determined by comparison of autoradiographic patterns of insulin heavily labeled with iodine-131 and of insulins lightly labeled with iodine-131 and known quantities of iodine-127.
Iodine compounds
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