Inhalational exposure to statins and drug vehicle induces transient immunological changes in both the airways and peripheral blood of non-human primates
Sarah S. KillingbeckSean OttMoyar Q. GeCameron H. FlayerLisa A. MillerMelpo Christofidou‐SolomidouAmir A. ZekiAngela Haczku
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Abstract Determination of percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection is usually done by flow cytometric analysis. We compared a cell marker ELISA with flow cytometry for quantitation of CD4 and CD8 molecules on T lymphocytes, and correlated the values both with the number of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and with clinical data. Results by cell marker ELISA (y) correlated well with those by flow cytometric analysis (x); r = 0.69, P < 0.001 (y = 0.01x + 3.9) for CD4; r = 0.81, P < 0.001 (y = 0.03x + 5.4) for CD8; n = 343. The ELISA detected changes in numbers of CD8 molecules on the cells earlier than flow cytometry recognized changes in CD8+ T-cell counts. The advantages of the ELISA are the small sample volume required (0.5 mL of blood), its internal standardization by a CD4+/CD8+ cell line, and its simple and fast performance. The cell marker ELISA appears to be an efficient alternative to flow cytometry.
CD4-CD8 Ratio
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Objective To assess whether distal bronchoalveolar lavage(DBAL) with plastic tubing allowed recovery of more fluid in comparison with common bronchoalveolar lavage(CBAL), and whether tubing had a favorable impact on operative procedure and complications. Methods A randomized study was performed in the hospital. Patients scheduled for BAL were randomly assigned to DBAL (n = 66) and CBAL (n = 56) group. Results In DBAL group,5.55% more fluid was recovered,9. 19% fewer technical failures,and 7.41% fewer complications were recorded. Conclusions Based on these results, we recommend performing DBAL using plastic tubing to replace CBAL.
Key words:
Bronchoalveolar lavage; Methods; Distal bronchoalveolar lavage; Common bronchoalveolar lavage
Therapeutic irrigation
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Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Parenchyma
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Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a well-established diagnostic tool for the assessment of pulmonary diseases in adults. How BAL contributes to the diagnostic process in childhood lung diseases is less clear. One of the problems in interpreting BAL findings in children is that there are few reference data for BAL fluid constituents in children. This report addresses some of the technical problems of bronchoalveolar lavage in children and summarizes current knowledge on cellular and noncellular bronchoalveolar lavage fluid components in children without lung disease.
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Objective: To take the opportunity of a bronchoalveolar lavage to challenge the transpulmonary thermodilution for detecting the time course of changes in extravascular lung water. Design: Observational study. Setting: Medical ICU. Patients: Mechanically ventilated patients in whom a bronchoalveolar lavage by bronchoscopy was performed. Intervention: Transpulmonary thermodilution before and after bronchoalveolar lavage. Measurements and Main Results: Before and at different times after bronchoalveolar lavage, transpulmonary thermodilution was performed to record the value of indexed extravascular lung water. For each measurement, the values of three thermodilution measurements were averaged at the following steps: before bronchoalveolar lavage, after bronchoalveolar lavage, and 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, and 6 hours after bronchoalveolar lavage. The amount of saline infusion left in the lungs after bronchoalveolar lavage was also recorded. Twenty-five patients with suspicion of pneumonia were included. Twenty-eight bronchoalveolar lavages were finally analyzed. On average, 200 mL (180–200 mL) of saline were injected and 130 mL (100–160 mL) were left in the lungs. Between before and immediately after bronchoalveolar lavage, indexed extravascular lung water significantly increased from 12 ± 4 to 15 ± 5 mL/kg, respectively, representing a 169 ± 166 mL increase in nonindexed extravascular lung water. After bronchoalveolar lavage, the value of indexed extravascular lung water was significantly different from the baseline value until 2 hours after bronchoalveolar lavage and became similar to the baseline value thereafter. Conclusions: Transpulmonary thermodilution enabled to detect small short-term changes of indexed extravascular lung water secondary to bronchoalveolar lavage.
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Objectives: To evaluate the yield of mini-bronchoalveolar lavage compared with that of directed bronchoalveolar lavage in critically ill patients with suspected coronavirus disease 2019–associated pulmonary aspergillosis. Design: A retrospective cohort study. Setting: The ICU of the Amsterdam University Medical Centers. Patients: Patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 screened for coronavirus disease 2019–associated pulmonary aspergillosis. INTERVENTIONS: Mini-bronchoalveolar lavage and/or directed bronchoalveolar lavage. Measurements and Main Results: In total, 76 patients were included, 20 of whom underwent bronchoalveolar lavage, 40 mini-bronchoalveolar lavage, and 16 both mini-bronchoalveolar lavage and bronchoalveolar lavage. The percentage of samples with one or more positive Aspergillus detecting test (galactomannan, culture, polymerase chain reaction) did not differ significantly between bronchoalveolar lavage and mini-bronchoalveolar lavage (16.7% vs 21.4%). However, in mini-bronchoalveolar lavage samples, this was more frequently driven by a positive polymerase chain reaction than in bronchoalveolar lavage samples (17.9% vs 2.8%; p = 0.030). In 81% of patients (13/16) with both mini-bronchoalveolar lavage and bronchoalveolar lavage, the test results were in agreement. In 11 of 12 patients (92%) with first a negative mini-bronchoalveolar lavage, the subsequent bronchoalveolar lavage sample was also negative. Conclusions: We found a similar percentage of positive test results in mini-bronchoalveolar lavage and bronchoalveolar lavage samples in patients with suspected coronavirus disease 2019–associated pulmonary aspergillosis. Our findings indicate that mini-bronchoalveolar lavage could be a useful tool for coronavirus disease 2019–associated pulmonary aspergillosis screening in ICU patients.
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Thorax (insect anatomy)
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Examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is a method based on obtaining biological material in the from of cells and fluid derived directly from the alveoli of the bronchi. Cytological and biochemical examination of the bronchoalveolar fluid enables to understand pathomechanisms of various interstitial and obstructive pulmonary diseases. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a sensitive and safe diagnostic method, which becomes to be widely employed in the pneumonologic++ diagnosis.
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Objective To investigate the variation of T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of the patients with tumor and their clinical significance.Methods The T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood from patients with tumor n = 27 and healthy controls n = 25 were detected with flow cytometry.Results The CD3+ T cells,CD4+ T cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio in patients with tumor were significantly lower than that in the control group.Comparied with the control group the CD8+ T cells in patients with tumor were significantly higher P 0.01 .Conclusion The immunological function of patients with tumor was decreased.The flow cytometry is a rapid,sensitive and accurate measure to detect the immunological function of patients with tumor.It can play an important role in evaluating the curative effect and prognosis of the disease.
Cytometry
Peripheral blood lymphocyte
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