Risk assessments in infants suspect having later-onset Pompe disease identified through newborn screening
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목적: 굴절부등시의 교정으로 인해 발생할 것으로 예상되는 부등상시도의 지표를 제공하고 부등상시도에 대한 영향인자에 관해 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 굴절이상도가 등가구면굴절력으로 ${\pm}0.50$ D 이내이며 교정시력이 1.0 이상이고 AWAYA 부등상시도가 1% 이하인 남녀 대학생 20명(평균연령 $22.50{\pm}2.72$ 세, 남자 14명, 여자 6명)을 대상으로 우위안 또는 비우위안에 콘택트렌즈 착용을 통해 굴절부등시를 유발하여 이를 안경렌즈로 교정한 후, 실제 측정된 유발 부등상시도를 자기배율 공식을 이용한 이론적인 부등상시 기댓값과 비교하였다. 결과: 착용 콘택트렌즈 굴절력의 전 범위에서 이론적인 부등상시 기댓값보다 실제 부등상시 측정값이 더 크게 나타났으며, 굴절부등시 유발을 위한 착용 콘택트렌즈 굴절력이 클수록, (-) 콘택트렌즈 착용 후 (+) 안경렌즈로 교정한 경우, 우위안에 부등상시를 유발한 경우, 여자인 경우에서 부등상시 측정값이 더 크게 나타났다. 결론: 유발 부등상시의 시기능에서 우위안이 보다 더 큰 역할을 하며, 부등상시 유발안, 착용 콘택트렌즈 굴절력, 성별 등이 부등상시도에 영향을 미치는 요인임을 알 수 있었다. Purpose: This study was performed to provide indicator of expected aniseikonia by correcting refractive error and to investigate influential factors on aniseikonia. Methods: 20 college students (14 males, 6 females, a mean age of $22.50{\pm}2.72$ years) were selected as subjects whose refractive error with spherical equivalent were within ${\pm}0.50$ D, corrected visual acuity were more than 1.0, and aniseikonia values by AWAYA were less than 1%. After correcting refractive error with spectacles in anisometropia induced by wearing contact lens on their dominant eye or non-dominant eye, practical measured values of aniseikonia were compared with theoretical expected values of it by the formula of spectacle magnification. Results: Practical measured values were higher than theoretical expected values in induced aniseikonia over the whole range of diopter of wearing contact lens. And there was higher measured value of aniseikonia in case of higher diopter of wearing contact lens to induce anisometropia and correcting refractive error with spectacles of (+) diopter after wearing contact lens of (-) diopter to induced anisometropia in dominant eye of women. Conclusions: It is considered that dominant eye plays more important role for visual function in induced aniseikonia and factors such as the induced eye of aniseikonia, the diopter of wearing contact lens, and gender have influenced on aniseikonia.
Anisometropia
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OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between eyeball structure and visual acuity in high myopia. METHODS Totally, 152 people (283 eyeballs) with different levels of myopia were tested for visual acuity, axial length, and fundus. All cases were classified according to diopter, axial length, and fundus. The relationships between diopter, axial length, fundus and visual acuity were studied. The mathematical models were established for visual acuity and eyeball structure markers. RESULTS The visual acuity showed a moderate correlation with fundus class, comus, axial length and diopter ([r] > 0.4, P < 0.000 1). The visual acuity in people with the axial length longer than 30.00 mm, diopter above -20.00 D and fundus in 4th class were mostly below 0.5. The mathematical models were established by visual acuity and eyeball structure markers. CONCLUSION The visual acuity should decline with axial length extension, diopter deepening and pathological deterioration of fundus. To detect the structure changes by combining different kinds of objective methods can help to assess and to judge the vision in high myopia.
Fundus (uterus)
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Purpose:To investigate the effect of watching 3-dimensional (3D) television (TV) on refractive error in children.Methods: Sixty healthy volunteers, aged 6 to 12 years, without any ocular abnormalities other than refractive error were recruited for this study.They watched 3D TV for 50 minutes at a viewing distance of 2.8 meters.The image disparity of the 3D contents was from -1 to 1 degree.Refractive errors were measured both before and immediately after watching TV and were rechecked after a 10-minute rest period.The refractive errors before and after watching TV were compared.The amount of refractive change was also compared between myopes and controls.The refractive error of the participants who showed a myopic shift immediately after watching TV were compared across each time point to assure that the myopic shift persisted after a 10-minute rest.Results: The mean age of the participants was 9.23 ± 1.75 years.The baseline manifest refractive error was -1.70 ± 1.79 (-5.50 to +1.25) diopters.The refractive errors immediately after watching and after a 10-minute rest were -1.75 ± 1.85 and -1.69 ± 1.80 diopters, respectively, which were not different from the baseline values.Myopic participants (34 participants), whose spherical equivalent was worse than -0.75 diopters, also did not show any significant refractive change after watching 3D TV.A myopic shift was observed in 31 participants with a mean score of 0.29 ± 0.23 diopters, which resolved after a 10-minute rest.Conclusions: Watching properly made 3D content on a 3D TV for 50 minutes with a 10-minute intermission at more than 2.8 meters of viewing distance did not affect the refractive error of children.
Rest (music)
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Radial keratotomy surgery was begun in a private ophthalmologic practice in July 1980. A statistical analysis of the first 557 cases is presented. The mean postoperative refractive error was -4.00 diopters. One year after surgery, 95% of the patients with a preoperative refractive error of -3.00 diopters or less had a visual acuity of 20/40 or better, and 79% of those with a refractive error of -3.25 to -6.00 diopters had a visual acuity of 20/40 or better. The mean decrease in keratotomy readings at six months postoperatively was 2.95 diopters. Of the patients with a preoperative refractive error of less than 6 diopters, 85% wore glasses rarely or not at all, whereas 15% wore a refractive correction full time.
Radial keratotomy
Refractive Surgery
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A patient with myopia and astigmatism in the ideal range for correction by radial keratotomy had surgery on both eyes. Postoperatively, she developed bilateral high hyperopia, with a +9.00 diopter refractive error (OD) and a spherical equivalent of +8.75 diopters (OS). Her best corrected visual acuity dropped one line and hyperopia increased during the follow-up.
Radial keratotomy
Astigmatism
Vision disorder
Hypermetropia
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Abstract Background: To investigate the risk factors for high myopia in adulthood, especially as it relates to the age of first spectacle wearing. Methods: A retrospective study enrolled adults aged between 20 and 45 years being invited to complete a questionnaire about age, sex, current refractive error, high myopia in parents, age at first spectacle use, refractive power of the first spectacles, and life habits at different educational stages. The association between these factors and high myopia were then evaluated and analyzed. Results: In total, 331 participants were enrolled. Their average refractive error was -4.03 diopters, and high myopia was noted in 27.5% of the study population. Only 3.3% of participants had fathers with high myopia, while 6.0% had mothers with high myopia. The participants received their first spectacles at a mean age of 13.35 years, with a mean refractive error of -1.63 diopters.The significant risk factors for developing high myopia in adult life were earlier age at first spectacle use (p < 0.001), higher refractive power of first spectacles (p < 0.001), mother with high myopia (p = 0.015), and after-school class attendance in senior high school (p = 0.018). Those who wore their first spectacles at < 9 years of age were more predisposed to high myopia than those who did so at ≧ 13 years, with an odds ratio of 24.891, while the odds ratio for those aged between 10 and 12 years was 5.294. Conclusions: The present study shows that earlier age at first spectacle use, higher myopic refraction of first spectacles, mothers with high myopia, and after-school class attendance in senior high school are predictive factors for high myopia in adulthood. The most important predictive factor is earlier age at first spectacle use, which emphasizes earlier myopia control is a protective factor for high myopia in adulthood.
Attendance
Odds
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This study explores the relationship between the recalled age of first distance prescription and the final myopic refractive error developed in adults.Adult office workers, sent for a general health check-up without refractive selection, completed a questionnaire about age of first distance prescription, years of university study, and parental history of myopia, and were subjectively refracted by an ophthalmologist.Average age of the 397 consecutive myopic subjects was 42.6 +/- 9.6 years and 80.6% were males. The median age of first prescription was 20 years. In the group with earlier first distance prescription (ages 3 to 10), 25.6% developed low final refractive errors (-0.50 to -3.0 diopters), 38.5% developed moderate myopia (< -3.0 to -6.0 diopters), and 35.9% developed high myopia (< -6.0 diopters), while in the groups with later first distance prescription (ages 23 to 30), 90-100% developed low final refractive errors.Subjects developing myopia after age 20 had low myopia. Those subjects with an early recalled age of first prescription had a broad spectrum of myopic refractive errors, including a high proportion (approximately 2/3) of moderate to high myopia, and approximately 1/3 of low myopia.
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