Research Progress of Artificial Forest in the Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils
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(1) Remediation of soil contaminated by heavy metals has become a hot topic in the world, and phytoremediation technology is the most widely used. (2) In addition to traditional economic benefits, ecological benefits of artificial forest have been more and more important, which are very helpful to soil polluted with heavy metals in the environment. (3) The characteristics of heavy metal pollution of soil and plantations of repair mechanism have been reviewed, and the current mining areas, wetlands, urban plantations on heavy metal elements have enriched the research results. The purpose is to find a new path for governance of heavy metal soil pollution.The plant-based remediation methods for dredged material slurries and metal-contaminated soils have been proposed since the mid seventies. This chapter discusses plant-based remediation of contaminated soils and sediments. All in-situ site remediation programs follow either a contaminant containment or contaminant reduction strategy. Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that promises a viable remediation when pollutants are near the surface, are relatively nonleachable, and pose little imminent risk to health or the environment. It is useful to visualize and describe a plant in engineering terms in order to shift the familiar agronomic plant paradigm and to clarify the concept of phytoremediation to those professionals who are more familiar with engineering terminology. At a basic level, green plants are solar-driven pumping and filtering systems that have inherent loading, degradative, and fouling capacities. The coupling of hyperaccumulation of metals and sequestration of organics with larger biomass and potentially deeper rooting systems may result in powerful phytoremediation technology.
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Environmentally Friendly
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Contamination of lands with toxic heavy metals is a widespread environmental issue resulting from global industrialization. Conventional techniques for reclamation of such soils are expensive and environmental nonfriendly. Phytoremediation is an emerging group of technologies utilizing green plants to clean up the environment from contaminants and has been offered as a cost-effective and non-invasive alternative to the conventional engineering-based remediation methods. There are different versions of phytoremediation viz. phytoimmobilization, phytostabilization, rhizofilteration, phytovolatilization and phytoextraction, the latter being most widely accepted for remediation of soils contaminated with toxic heavy metals. Different aspects of phytoextraction and scope of this technology for remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils are reviewed discussing challenges and opportunities in realizing phytoextraction as an economically viable remediation method.
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Heavy metals and radionuclides are two major toxic metals which severely pollute the soil and water,and most conventional remediation approaches do not provide acceptable solutions. Plant\|based remediation techniques are showing prospects for the environmental pollution remediation. In this paper,the biological mechanism,research progress and selection of suitable plants of phytoremediation of toxic metals in the soil and water are being pursued.
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This paper reviews the chemical behaviour of heavy metals in soil, the effect of heavy metals on plants and humans, and describes phytoremediation, which is the use of green plants to remove soil contaminants. The physiological processes that support bio-accumulation of heavy metals by plants are also described.
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The phytoremediation, enhancing phytoremediation, as well as the degradation kinetic of petroleum were investigated under field experiment. Corn and alfalfa were taken as remediation plants and the experimental bacteria were Arthrobanter species. The results indicated that the oil degradation rates of corn and alfalfa remediation areas reached 42.5% and 44.7% after 150 days of bioremediation, which were increased by 100.5% and 110.8% compared with that in control area, respectively, while the degradation rates of the corn and alfalfa remediation areas that added exogenous bacteria reached 72.8% and 63.9%, which were increased by 71.3% and 42.1% compared with that in the phytoremediation areas, respectively. It found that phytoremediation was enhanced greatly by adding exogenous bacteria and the degradation kinetic equation of petroleum fitted pseudo-first-order kinetics.
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Phytoextraction process
Contaminated land
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Abstract In this review article, the mechanism of phytoremediation via Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) for cadmium and chromium remediation are fully discussed including phytoextraction, phytostabilization, and phytovolatilization. In addition, the factors that affected the remediation are also listed. Moreover, to obtain the state-of-art in cadmium and chromium remediation and give their future perspectives, the typical examples in literatures for cadmium and chromium remediation by PGPR are collected and reviewed. Totally, this article includes 71 references.
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Heavy metal pollutions in soils and sites are becoming more and more serious,and their remediation is receiving extensive attention nowadays.Due to its low-cost and environment-friendly,phytoremediation is considered to be a potential usable technique for soil remediation.During the past decades,there have been significant improvements in phytoremediation,including plant species scanning,remediation control techniques,post-treatments of plants bio-mass,demonstration in field-scale,and practical applications.This review provides an overview of the development and application of phytoremediation on the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils and sites.
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Remediation technologies for soils contaminated by heavy metals have been rapidly developed under various conditions of soils. Most contaminated soils are remediated with the combination of at least more than two proper technologies including physical, chemical, and biological remediation methods as well as phytoremediation. When the phytoremediation was applied to the contaminated sites, hyperaccumulators were generally planted with somewhat limitation. Thus, transgenic plants have been developed to replace the specific hyperaccumulators with limited applications. The important properties of transgenic plants for metal phytoremediation are much higher metal tolerance and accumulation than general hyperaccumulators. On the other point of view, the removed heavy metals and metal-contaminated mixtures as the second pollutants are produced during the soil remediation processes. Therefore, environmentally-friendly remediation technologies should be needed to reduce amounts of contaminated by-products and to increase the proper utilization of remediated soils.
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