Biomarkers, designs, and interpretations of resting‐state fMRI in translational pharmacological research: A review of state‐of‐the‐Art, challenges, and opportunities for studying brain chemistry

Human Brain Mapping (2017)

Najmeh Khalili‐Mahani Serge A.R.B. Rombouts Matthias J.P. van Osch Eugene Duff Félix Carbonell Lisa D. Nickerson Lino Becerra Albert Dahan Alan C. Evans Jean‐Paul Soucy Richard G. Wise Alex Zijdenbos Joop MA van Gerven

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A decade of research and development in resting-state functional MRI (RSfMRI) has opened new translational and clinical research frontiers. This review aims to bridge between technical and clinical researchers who seek reliable neuroimaging biomarkers for studying drug interactions with the brain. About 85 pharma-RSfMRI studies using BOLD signal (75% of all) or arterial spin labeling (ASL) were surveyed to investigate the acute effects of psychoactive drugs. Experimental designs and objectives include drug fingerprinting dose-response evaluation, biomarker validation and calibration, and translational studies. Common biomarkers in these studies include functional connectivity, graph metrics, cerebral blood flow and the amplitude and spectrum of BOLD fluctuations. Overall, RSfMRI-derived biomarkers seem to be sensitive to spatiotemporal dynamics of drug interactions with the brain. However, drugs cause both central and peripheral effects, thus exacerbate difficulties related to biological confounds, structured noise from motion and physiological confounds, as well as modeling and inference testing. Currently, these issues are not well explored, and heterogeneities in experimental design, data acquisition and preprocessing make comparative or meta-analysis of existing reports impossible. A unifying collaborative framework for data-sharing and data-mining is thus necessary for investigating the commonalities and differences in biomarker sensitivity and specificity, and establishing guidelines. Multimodal datasets including sham-placebo or active control sessions and repeated measurements of various psychometric, physiological, metabolic and neuroimaging phenotypes are essential for pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling and interpretation of the findings. We provide a list of basic minimum and advanced options that can be considered in design and analyses of future pharma-RSfMRI studies. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2276-2325, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Brain research

Translational Research

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Functional Brain Connectivity Studies

Computational Drug Discovery Methods

Neural dynamics and brain function

10.1002/hbm.23516

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FNIRS based functional connectivity during task state and resting state

International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (2012)

Xiao‐Su Hu Keum‐Shik Hong Shuzhi Sam Ge

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an emerging brain imaging technique. Recent fNIRS studies confirm that the intrinsic fluctuation can be robustly detected by functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), the phenomenon is also termed as resting state functional connectivity (RSFC). However, functional connectivity exists not only during the resting state. Therefore, one important question is that whether the functional connectivity patterns during both states are consistent. In this paper, we investigate the functional connectivity during both resting state and task state. The comparison result suggests that the functional connectivity patterns revealed by fNIRS signal during both states are similar.

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy

Functional Imaging

Dynamic functional connectivity

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Review for "Alterations of local functional connectivity in lifespan: A resting‐state fMRI study"

10.1002/brb3.1652/v1/review1

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Author response for "Altered functional connectivity of brain regions based on a meta‐analysis in patients with T2DM: A resting‐state fMRI study"

Dongsheng Zhang Jie Gao Xuejiao Yan Min Tang Xia Zhe