Antenna array control via integrated optically-activated organic semiconductor for S-band applications
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A novel optically-activated antenna array has been proposed, designed, and analysed using photosensitive organic semiconductor poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT, 95%) and [6,6]-Phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM, 5%) for S-band applications. A two-patch antenna array, using soda-lime glass as the primary substrate and indium-tin-oxide (ITO) as the ground plane, was designed using the CST Studio Suite. The organic semiconductor heterojunction P3HT:PCBM was employed in the design as a secondary substrate atop the glass. Characterisation of the organic polymer was performed using quasi-optical measurement bench over the WR3 waveguide band to estimate the change in dielectric between dark and active (i.e illuminated), states. This change is taken into account while modelling the antenna array, and the potential beam-steering applications are examined.Keywords:
Indium tin oxide
Organic semiconductor
Polyethylene naphthalate
We have studied the surface morphologies and magnetic properties of Fe and Co thin films evaporated on polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) organic substrates toward the fabrication of spin quantum cross devices. As a result, the surface roughnesses of Co (6.1 nm)/PEN and Co (12 nm)/PEN are as small as 0.1 and 0.09 nm, respectively, corresponding to less than one atomic layer, in the same scanning scale as the thickness. As for the magnetic properties, the coercive force of the Co/PEN shows the constant value of 2 kA/m upon decreasing the Co thickness from 35 to 10 nm, and it increases up to 7 kA/m upon decreasing the Co thickness from 10 to 5 nm. It decreases when the Co thickness is less than 5 nm. These results can be explained by the competition between the shape magnetic anisotropy and the induced magnetic anisotropy.
Polyethylene naphthalate
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There has been long-standing interest in the development of organic optoelectronic devices. However, the authors find that the previously reported interface-dipole calculations seem to be inaccurate, owing to a persistent neglect of the induced band bending of indium tin oxide (ITO) by coating of organic semiconductors on ITO. In this study, the correlation between the induced band bending of ITO in the presence of organic semiconductors on ITO and the dipole at the interface was examined.
Indium tin oxide
Organic semiconductor
Band bending
Wide-bandgap semiconductor
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A binder-free paste with a graded structure,which was composed of titania (TiO2) nano-particles synthesized by hydrothermal method,titania particles named P25 and scattering large particles,was prepared.The TiO2 photoanode film was prepared on a conductive indium-tin oxide-coated polyethylene naphthalate plastic sheet in a temperature range of 120-150 ℃ by a doctor-blade method.The Pt counter electrode was prepared by an ion sputtering method.The effects of sputtering time of Pt counter electrode,heat-treatment temperature,thickness of TiO2 film and the acid content of the paste on the photovoltaic performance of the flexible dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) fabricated from the above materials were discussed.The results show that the flexible DSC has the highest light-to-energy conversion efficiency of 4.05% when the Pt sputtering time is 30 s,the acid content is 0.05mol/L,the heat-treatment temperature is 150℃ and the film thickness is 10.5μm.
Polyethylene naphthalate
Auxiliary electrode
Indium tin oxide
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Electronic carrier traps in polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) were investigated by TSC and TL analysis in the temperature range from -196°C to 160°C. Two broad peaks were observed in the TSC and TL from PEN films illuminated with light of wavelength 360 nm at -196°C. The detrapping process was closely related to the molecular motions, the so-called γ and β relaxations. The apparent trap depths ranged from 0.1–0.5 eV.
Polyethylene naphthalate
Trap (plumbing)
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To our best knowledge, polymer seintillator has not been reported in scientifie publications up to the present. Determinations of the flubrescence spectrum, transparency, detection efficiency, and decay time of polyethylene -2.6-naphthalate (PEN-2.6) films and / or laminates have been accomplieshed by the present aythors .Evidence avallable indicates that polyethylene-2.6-naphthalate can be employed as a new polymer scintillator.The reason why PEN-2.8 exhibits stronge fluorscence effect has been discussed in the present work. Becouse there is extended conjugated system in the melecule, melecular chain being on a plane and of vigldlty .It is capable of being employed as a good seintillator;The fluorescence spectra of di-Me- naphthalene -2. 6- dicarboxylate and bis-(2-hydrozethyl) -2.6- naphthalene dicarboxylate are likewise detected. Theirmaximum show at 3800A 4000A respectively. The maximum of PEN-2.6 showat 4400A, however the peak is simple and structureless and the luminescencedeacy time is very short. In the preliminary cammaication has proposed that the fluorescence of PEN-2. 6 might attributed to the excimer arosed grom the molecule being irradiated.
Polyethylene naphthalate
Excimer
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A polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) film is excellent in mechanical properties, heat resistance, transparency, and chemical properties. It is very suitable as a substrate material for flexible devices. In this chapter, the characteristics of the PEN film is explained while contrasting with the properties of the other types of films.
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Polyethylene naphthalate
Indium tin oxide
Inert
Screen printing
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Polyethylene naphthalate
Auxiliary electrode
Indium tin oxide
Polystyrene
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This paper deals with the dielectric analysis and comparison of two polymers (the PET and PEN films). The structure of the macromolecular chain of the PET film is almost the same as that of the PEN film, but the PEN film has naphthalate instead of phenyl group in the chain. The measurement was performed by the dielectric spectroscopy method. The research was focused on comparison of the changes of their real and imaginary part of the permittivity in dependence on temperature (from −50 °C to 160 °C) and frequency (from 50 mHz to 1 MHz) and description of these changes from the mathematical and chemical points of view. Special attention was paid to the temperature dependence at frequency 50 Hz. Observations showed that in the measured temperature and frequency range the PEN film has three relaxation processes (α, β, β*) and the PET film has only two (α, β). Furthermore, the measurement showed the PEN film has the real and imaginary part of the permittivity lower than the PET film, because naphthalate group gives much higher rigidity to the macromolecular chain and lower polarization than the phenyl group in the PET film. The PET film has no β*-relaxation, because it is only caused by the movements of the naphthalate group. Also β*-relaxation is significantly lower than α and β-relaxations. The results showed further that the losses of the PET film are lower from 20 °C to 95 °C, while the losses of the PEN film are lower at temperatures below 20 °C and above 95 °C.
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Polyethylene naphthalate
Parylene
Diaphragm (acoustics)
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