Fabrication and Optical Characterization of II-VI Semiconductor Photonic Dot Array
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The present status of semiconductor-based 3D and 2D photonic crystals is described. After reviewing progress on the fabrication of these crystals, the effects of the introduction of line- or point-defects and light-emitters into the crystals are described for the control of light emission and propagation.
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We report the use of self-assembled InAs quantum dots as active emitters in a photonic crystal microcavity. We have fabricated defect microcavities by removing 37 and 61 air holes from a triangular lattice in a photonic crystal membrane, and obtained quality factors in excess of 1000.
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Photonic crystals are novel functional photonic nanostructures with the ability to control optical modes. In this paper, we will present recent progress on the lightemission control by photonic crystals. It has been clearly demonstrated that undesired light emission can be inhibited by the photonic bandgap, whereas desired emission efficiency can be increased. In addition, the light emission phenomena of gallium nitride based photonic crystals and indi-rect-bandgap semiconductor silicon photonic crystals will be discussed.
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Light emission
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We present an overview of the nanotechnologies necessary for the fabrication of two-dimensional photonic crystals (2DPC) by nanopatterning of epitaxially grown semiconductor heterostructures. 2D photonic crystal structures, consisting of a periodic array of holes in a planar GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure, in two different device geometries will be presented and discussed: (1) a high index contrast 2DPC slab waveguide fabricated by selective oxidation and removal of the Al-rich AlGaAs layers, and (2) a photonic crystal microcavity accomplished by a point defect in a photonic crystal lattice. In the latter case, the waveguide layer embedded two InGaAs self-organized quantum dot layers, whose spontaneous emission was strongly modified by the 2DPC microcavity.
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We report on the incorporation of semiconductor quantum dots as internal emitters into two-dimensional photonic crystals of macroporous silicon. For this purpose we prepared composite nanotubes within the pores consisting of quantum dots embedded in a polymeric matrix. A spectral modification of the emission by the surrounding photonic crystal is demonstrated for mercury telluride quantum dots when the emission coincides with the photonic band gap of the Si photonic crystal.
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