Roots in the African Dust: Sustaining the Sub-Saharan Drylands
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Despite covering only 2–6% of land, wetland ecosystems play an important role at the local and global scale. They provide various ecosystem services (carbon dioxide sequestration, pollution removal, water retention, climate regulation, etc.) as long as they are in good condition. By definition, wetlands are rich in water ecosystems. However, ongoing climate change with an ambiguous balance of rain in a temperate climate zone leads to drought conditions. Such periods interfere with the natural processes occurring on wetlands and restrain the normal functioning of wetland ecosystems. Persisting unfavorable water conditions lead to irreversible changes in wetland habitats. Hence, the monitoring of habitat changes caused by an insufficient amount of water (plant water stress) is necessary. Unfortunately, due to the specific conditions of wetlands, monitoring them by both traditional and remote sensing techniques is challenging, and research on wetland water stress has been insufficient. This paper describes the adaptation of the thermal water stress index, also known as the crop water stress index (CWSI), for wetlands. This index is calculated based on land surface temperature and meteorological parameters (temperature and vapor pressure deficit—VPD). In this study, an unmanned aerial system (UAS) was used to measure land surface temperature. Performance of the CWSI was confirmed by the high correlation with field measurements of a fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (R = −0.70) and soil moisture (R = −0.62). Comparison of the crop water stress index with meteorological drought indices showed that the first phase of drought (meteorological drought) cannot be detected with this index. This study confirms the potential of using the CWSI as a water stress indicator in wetland ecosystems.
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Politik in den deutschen Bundeslandern ist erst in letzter Zeit verstarkt in den Fokus politikwissenschaftlicher Arbeiten geruckt. Fur eine Vielzahl politikwissenschaftlicher Analysen auf Landesebene werden allerdings die Politikpositionen der Landesverbande der Parteien benotigt. Mit Hilfe von manueller Einteilung der Wahlprogrammtexte der Landesverbande in verschiedene Themenbereiche (Schmitt 2008) und einer automatisierten Analyse dieser Textcorpora mittels Wordfish (Slapin/Proksch 2008) ist es uns gelungen, die Politikpositionen der in die jeweiligen Landtage eingezogenen Landesverbande
auf vier verschiedenen Politikdimensionen zu bestimmen.
Diese Politikpositionen werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit dahingehend analysiert, ob sich die innerparteiliche Homo- bzw. Heterogenitat der Parteien zwischen den Politikfeldern Arbeit/Soziales und Kultus unterscheidet und inwieweit sich die Koalitionssituation auf Bundes- und Landesebene auf die
Politikdistanzen zwischen den Landesverbanden auswirkt. Im Politikfeld Kultus, das die Kernkompetenz der Lander im deutschen Bundesstaat darstellt, unterscheiden sich die Politikpositionen der Landesverbande wie erwartet starker voneinander als im eher durch den Bund gepragten Politikfeld
Arbeit/Soziales. Auch bestatigt sich unsere Erwartung, dass die Politikdistanzen zwischen zwei Parteien geringer ausfallen, wenn diese Parteien im Bund oder im Land gemeinsam die Regierung stellen.
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Abstract One of the potential impacts of global warming is likely to be experienced through changes in flood frequency and magnitude, which poses a potential threat to the downstream reservoir flood control system. In this paper, the downscaling results of the multimodel dataset from phases 3 and 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3 and CMIP5, respectively) were coupled with the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model to evaluate the impact of climate change on the Feilaixia reservoir flood control in the Beijiang River basin for the first time. Four emissions scenarios [A1B and representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5] were chosen. Results indicate that annual distribution and interannual variability of temperature and precipitation are well simulated by the downscaling results of the CMIP3 and CMIP5 multimodel dataset. The VIC model, which performs reasonably well in simulating runoff processes with high model efficiency and low relative error, is suitable for the study area. Overall, annual maximum 1-day precipitation in 2020–50 would increase under all the scenarios (relative to the baseline period 1970–2000). However, the spatial distribution patterns of changes in projected extreme precipitation are uneven under different scenarios. Extreme precipitation is most closely associated with extreme floods in the study area. There is a gradual increase in extreme floods in 2020–50 under any of the different emission scenarios. The increases in 500-yr return period daily discharge of the Feilaixia reservoir have been found to be from 4.35% to 9.18% in 2020–50. The reservoir would be likely to undergo more flooding in 2020–50.
Flood control
Representative Concentration Pathways
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Der Beitrag beleuchtet verschiedene Ansatze fur den internationalen Vergleich des Strukturwandels uber die Zeit. Die hier diskutierten Indikatoren fur den Strukturwandel zwischen und innerhalb von Branchen zeigen fur die EU-Lander insgesamt eine hohe Ubereinstimmung mit Masen der Wettbewerbsfahigkeit. Die gute wirtschaftliche Performance Osterreichs trotz Spezialisierung auf unterdurchschnittlich wissensintensive Branchen ergibt sich teilweise aus dem erfolgreichen Prozess des sektoralen Upgradings. Die Gruppe der von der aktuellen Staatsschuldenkrise besonders betroffenen sudeuropaischen Lander weist demnach gravierende Defizite hinsichtlich der Wettbewerbsfahigkeit auf, deren Beseitigung langfristiger Strukturpolitik bedarf. Indikatoren fur den Strukturwandel konnen auch das Wirkungsmonitoring fur Innnovationsanstrengungen unterstutzen und verbessern.
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Ten-year water quality,eutrophication condition and main pollution indices in Taihu Lake were analyzed using monitoring data from 1997 to 2006.The results show that Taihu Lake was mostly polluted by organic matter,and water quality deteriorated with eutrophication.Great effort is needed to control water pollution in Taihu Lake.
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Das Personalmanagement in der offentlichen Verwaltung steht in Zeiten von Haushaltskurzungen und demographischem Wandel vor der Herausforderung, den gestiegenen Erwartungen an Effizienz und Effektivitat mit zunehmend alteren Belegschaften zu begegnen. Als ein wesentlicher Stellhebel fur den Erhalt bzw. die Steigerung der Arbeitsfahigkeit der Mitarbeiter gilt in der wissenschaftlichen Debatte die Qualitat des Fuhrungsverhaltens der Fuhrungskrafte. Im Fokus dieser Arbeit steht das Konzept altersspezifischer Fuhrung, das sich an den individuellen, altersspezifischen Bedurfnissen des einzelnen Mitarbeiters orientiert. Es wird mittels einer standardisierten Befragung von Fuhrungskraften und deren Mitarbeitern in einer Dienststelle der Bundesagentur fur Arbeit untersucht, ob die Auspragung altersspezifischer Fuhrung Einfluss auf die Qualitat der dyadischen Arbeitsbeziehung von Fuhrungskraft und Mitarbeiter (LMX-Qualitat) hat. Dafur wird zunachst uberpruft, wie altersspezifisch die befragten Fuhrungskrafte fuhren, und welche Faktoren darauf Einfluss nehmen. Im Ergebnis der Untersuchung zeigt sich, dass ein hochsignifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen altersspezifischer Fuhrung und der LMX-Qualitat besteht. Daneben stellt sich heraus, dass die befragten Fuhrungskrafte uberwiegend altersspezifisches Fuhrungsverhalten aufweisen, wobei jedoch zu berucksichtigen ist, dass die Ergebnisse auch durch organisationale Vorgaben beeinflusst werden, die den Handlungsspielraum der Fuhrungskrafte begrenzen. Auch wurde fur die untersuchte Stichprobe festgestellt, dass Alter und Fuhrungserfahrung die Auspragung altersspezifischen Fuhrungsverhaltens beeinflussen, wahrend sich fur das Geschlecht sowie eine vorurteilsfreie Wahrnehmung alterer Mitarbeiter kein Zusammenhang gezeigt hat.
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Бұл зерттеужұмысындaКaно моделітурaлы жәнеоғaн қaтыстытолықмәліметберілгенжәнеуниверситетстуденттерінебaғыттaлғaн қолдaнбaлы (кейстік)зерттеужүргізілген.АхметЯссaуи университетініңстуденттеріүшін Кaно моделіқолдaнылғaн, олaрдың жоғaры білімберусaпaсынa қоятынмaңыздытaлaптaры, яғнисaпaлық қaжеттіліктері,олaрдың мaңыздылығытурaлы жәнесaпaлық қaжеттіліктерінеқaтыстыөз университетінқaлaй бaғaлaйтындығытурaлы сұрaқтaр қойылғaн. Осы зерттеудіңмaқсaты АхметЯсaуи университетіндетуризмменеджментіжәнеқaржы бaкaлaвриaт бaғдaрлaмaлaрыныңсaпaсынa қaтыстыстуденттердіңқaжеттіліктерінaнықтaу, студенттердіңқaнaғaттaну, қaнaғaттaнбaу дәрежелерінбелгілеу,білімберусaпaсын aнықтaу мен жетілдіружолдaрын тaлдaу болыптaбылaды. Осы мaқсaтқaжетуүшін, ең aлдыменКaно сaуaлнaмaсы түзіліп,116 студенткеқолдaнылдыжәнебілімберугежәнеоның сaпaсынa қaтыстыстуденттердіңтaлaптaры мен қaжеттіліктерітоптықжұмыстaрaрқылыaнықтaлды. Екіншіден,бұл aнықтaлғaн тaлaптaр мен қaжеттіліктерКaно бaғaлaу кестесіменжіктелді.Осылaйшa, сaпa тaлaптaры төрт сaнaтқa бөлінді:болуытиіс, бір өлшемді,тaртымдыжәнебейтaрaп.Соңындa,қaнaғaттaну мен қaнaғaттaнбaудың мәндеріесептелдіжәнестуденттердіңқaнaғaттaну мен қaнaғaттaнбaу деңгейлерінжоғaрылaту мен төмендетудеосытaлaптaр мен қaжеттіліктердіңрөліaйқын aнықтaлды.Түйінсөздер:сaпa, сaпaлық қaжеттіліктер,білімберусaпaсы, Кaно моделі.
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The nationally-recognized Susquehanna
Chorale will delight audiences of all
ages with a diverse mix of classic and
contemporary pieces. The ChoraleAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA¢AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂs
performances have been described
as AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA¢AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂemotionally unfiltered, honest
music making, successful in their
aim to make the audience feel,
to be moved, to be part of the
performance - and all this while
working at an extremely high
musical level.AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA¢AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA Experience choral
singing that will take you to new
heights!
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