India's First Venture Relating to Subsurface Drainage by Horizontal Drains

Horizontal drains have been used on western Colorado highways for several years, in both preconstruction and postconstruction applications. In specific cases, horizontal drains have proved to be cost-effective in preventing and correcting failures in cut-and-fill slopes. The use of horizontal drains has been limited to specific locations at which subsurface mapping and sampling indicates that groundwater is a major detrimental factor and that it can be effectively collected for a required period of time. This report describes four case histories, all located on Interstate 70 in the Vail area of west-central Colorado. At site 1, horizontal drains were used as a postconstruction alternative to a deep underdrain trench that would have cut across an Interstate roadway. At site 2, horizontal drains were used to improve drainage behind a cut slope. At site 3, the drains were used to improve slope stability prior to construction of a major reinforced-earth wall. At site 4, horizontal drains were used for correction of a major cut-slope failure that occurred during construction. (Author)

Horizontal and vertical

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A Study of Water Flow Patterns Near Subsurface Drains

E. J. Monke

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Subsurface drainage instructions.

Rudolf Eggelsmann

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