A study on the function placement method for ultra-low latency mobile services
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In this paper, we propose a user centric bandwidth allocation scheme for low latency data transmission in ultra dense vehicular networks. Various mobile devices such as mobile phones, sensors of vehicles or autonomous driving systems,require low latency and bandwidth intensive packet delivery between the devices and the Internet aiming to support real-time applications. In the ultra dense vehicular network, small base stations (SBSs) are densely deployed in a fixed geographic area to provides higher date rate. In further, each SBS cooperates with others to form clusters to better support seamless wireless data transmissions, and each mobile device dynamically plans its wireless connectivity for data transmission when it moves in the network. Specifically, each mobile device pre-allocates the amount of bandwidth from a cluster, formed by several SBSs, based on its expected movement, the delay and band-width requirement of the packet transmission and the resource availability of each cluster. Moreover, to effectively utilize the available network resource, each cluster also redistributes its residual bandwidth to the mobile devices pre-allocate bandwidth from it. Consequently, the latency of the data transmission can be better sustained in the ultra dense vehicular network.
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With the emergence of Cloud-RAN as one of the dominant architectural solutions for the next-generation mobile networks, the reliability and latency on the fronthaul (FH) segment become critical performance metrics for applications such as the Tactile Internet. Ensuring FH performance is further complicated by the switch from point-to-point dedicated FH links to packet-based multi-hop FH networks. This change is largely justified by the fact that packet-based fronthauling allows the deployment of FH networks on the existing Ethernet infrastructure. This paper proposes to improve the reliability and latency of packet-based fronthauling by means of multi-path diversity and erasure coding of the MAC frames transported by the FH network. Under a probabilistic model that assumes a single service, the average latency required to obtain reliable FH transport and the reliability-latency tradeoff is first investigated. The analytical results are then validated and complemented by a numerical study that accounts for the coexistence of the enhanced mobile broadband and ultra-reliable low-latency services in fifth-generation networks by comparing orthogonal and non-orthogonal sharing of FH resources.
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The increasing popularity of IEEE 802.11-based wireless local area networks (LANs) lends them credibility as a viable alternative to third-generation (3G) wireless technologies. Even though wireless LANs support much higher channel bandwidth than 3G networks, their network-layer handoff latency is still too high to be usable for interactive multimedia applications such as voice over IP or video streaming. Specifically, the peculiarities of commercially available IEEE 802.11b wireless LAN hardware prevent existing mobile Internet protocol (IP) implementations from achieving subsecond Mobile IP handoff latency when the wireless LANs are operating in the infrastructure mode, which is also the prevailing operating mode used in most deployed IEEE 802.11b LANs. In this paper, we propose a low-latency mobile IP handoff scheme that can reduce the handoff latency of infrastructure-mode wireless LANs to less than 100 ms, the fastest known handoff performance for such networks. The proposed scheme overcomes the inability of mobility software to sense the signal strengths of multiple-access points when operating in an infrastructure-mode wireless LAN. It expedites link-layer handoff detection and speeds up network-layer handoff by replaying cached foreign agent advertisements. The proposed scheme strictly adheres to the mobile IP standard specification, and does not require any modifications to existing mobile IP implementations. That is, the proposed mechanism is completely transparent to the existing mobile IP software installed on mobile nodes and wired nodes. As a demonstration of this technology, we show how this low-latency handoff scheme together with a wireless LAN bandwidth guarantee mechanism supports undisrupted playback of remote video streams on mobile stations that are traveling across wireless LAN segments.
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Whilst currently available speeds on Mobile 3G Networks are comparable with many fixed broadband carriers, RTT is still away from the values achieved in fixed NWs. There is still significant room for improvement of latency in 3 G NWs to provide the best quality of experience for broadband services, therefore, latency is a key parameter that should be taken into account in future 3G NW configurations. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the high impact latency has on current Mobile NWs and also to present ways that should be followed to reduce RTT, based on real NW measurements. In realizing this challenge, the current state of HSPA NWs in terms of latency have been analyzed, the sensitivity to latency of that traffic carried by the 3G NW quantified and measuring the proportional contribution of RTT from all the elements of the NW. Initial analysis shows that the UTRAN is, currently, the predominant factor in E2E latency for 3G NWs and therefore this study focuses more on this aspect. The next step has been to study the reduction of latency on 3G real NWs by means of current technology optimization(s) and planned technology deployment. Finally, it was investigated how QoS differentiation can be optimised for sustaining RTT over a potentially congested NW in several of its interfaces and/or nodes.
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