Sensitivity analysis of the economic burden using social insurance claim data
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The study is aimed at examining changes in economic burden in comparison with figures cited in previous studies. Data from South Korea’s National Health Insurance claims database are used to measure the economic burden of chronic disease. Both direct and indirect costs are considered. Direct costs are those associated directly with treatment, medication, and transportation, and indirect costs are assessed in terms of the loss of productivity and their caregivers and consist of morbidity and mortality costs. We also undertake sensitivity analysis, wherein we extract incidence cases and categorize them in terms of their frequency of hospital visits (from one time to five times). The total economic burden posed by chronic disease in South Korea in 2010 was found to be approximately 3.7 million USD; indirect costs and direct medical costs accounted for most of the economic burden, although the rates of these varied from disease to disease. In a comparison of disability-adjusted life years values and the economic burden of diseases, diseases varied widely in terms of their burden. The findings of this study can be used to inform policymakers as they establish public health policies that address various disease burden indexes. Key words: Chronic illness, economic analysis, measurement.Keywords:
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This paper aims to assess the economic burden of low back pain (LBP) in the United States through a comprehensive cost-of-illness analysis. The study examines direct medical costs, indirect costs, and intangible costs associated with LBP, providing valuable insights into the economic impact of this condition. By analyzing direct medical costs, the study assesses the expenses related to healthcare services such as physician visits, diagnostic tests, medications, and surgical procedures. These costs contribute to the overall economic burden of LBP by encompassing the resources utilized for the treatment and management of the condition. In addition to direct medical costs, the analysis also considers indirect costs associated with LBP.
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Although schizophrenia afflicts 1.1% of the U.S. population, it imposes a disproportionately large economic burden due to expenditures for hospitalization, treatment and rehabilitation, and lost productivity. Cost-of-illness studies, using a variety of methodologies to calculate direct and indirect costs, have estimated that in 1990 the total economic burden of schizophrenia was $32.5 billion. Of this total, $17.3 billion was attributable to direct medical costs. By comparison, in the same year the total and direct medical costs for anxiety disorders, which are more than 10 times more prevalent than schizophrenia, were $46.6 billion and $10.7 billion, respectively. For affective disorders, almost 10 times more prevalent than schizophrenia, the total and direct costs were $30.4 billion and $19.2 billion, respectively. Effective treatments used early in the course of schizophrenia can help reduce the costs associated with this illness.
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Objective To study the economic costs of depressive patients.Methods Ninety six depressive patients were investigated by using economic burden questionnaire(EBD)for one year prospective study.The economic costs and cost components of depressive patients were assessed.The differences of economic costs were compared between urban and rural depressive patients,or between inpatients and outpatients.Results The per capita total economic costs,direct costs and indirect costs of depressive patient were RMB $13293.26,5017.61(37.7%)and 8275.64(62.3%)respectively.The per capita total economic costs,direct costs and direct medical costs were significantly higher for inpatients than for outpatients(P0.05).There were significant differences in per capita total costs,indirect costs,the costs due to work delays and reduction of ability to work between urban and rural depressive patients(P0.05).Conclusions Depression causes huge economic costs.The indirect costs are the major component of the total costs.The total costs are higher for inpatients than for outpatients.Similarly,the total costs are higher for urban patients than for rural patients.
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The economic costs of lung cancer include direct medical costs, direct non-medical costs, indirect morbidity costs, and indirect mortality costs. Indirect morbidity and mortality costs (loss of productivity to the society) are estimated using the human capital approach. Six cities in China were selected to represent the country's economic and geographic distribution.
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Background To support injury control, we assessed the direct medical costs and indirect costs of injuries in the Netherlands, making use of recent advances in health economics. Methods We estimated the direct medical costs with the help of available data on health care utilization as a consequence of injuries. In our calculations of indirect costs, we used two alternative approaches. We used the traditional human-capital approach, which estimates the potential economic production losses caused by diseases or injuries. In addition, we applied the friction-costs method, which was recently developed as an attempt to measure the actual economic production losses to society. Results Injuries are an important source of medical costs and economic production losses. Almost two-thirds of the medical costs are the result of injuries among females (mainly domestic injuries of elderly women). On the contrary, independent of the method used, more than 80% of the indirect costs are the result of injuries among males (mainly caused by a high frequency of traffic injuries, occupational injuries, and sports injuries among young males). The application of the friction-costs method confirms the importance of injuries as a source of production losses in comparison with other diseases, showing that they belong to the main three causes of indirect costs to society. Conclusions Estimates of the medical costs and both the potential and actual economic production losses to society clearly demonstrate that injuries should be a major concern for health policy makers and the medical profession.
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Objective: To evaluate the disease burden of schizophrenia in cities of China based on societal perspective. Methods:2010—2012 databases from Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance(UEBMI), Urban Residents Basic Medical Insurance(URBMI) in Guangzhou and disability adjusted life year(DALY) were used to estimate direct economic cost and indirect economic cost caused by schizophrenia. Results: From 2010 to 2012, Guangzhou's direct costs of schizophrenia were 95.69 million RMB, 168.62 million RMB and 197.70 million RMB; 2010—2012 indirect costs of schizophrenia were 1 096.68 million RMB, 1 201.89 million RMB and 1375.08 million RMB. The rate for Direct economical loss and indirect economical loss equaled 1:8.5. The direct cost and indirect cost caused by schizophrenia in Guangzhou were increasing. Medical cost from inpatients and people with UEBMI are the main component of direct economic burden. Conclusion: Caused by schizophrenia, serious economic cost increased sharply. Indirect economic cost of schizophrenia was higher than its direct economic cost.
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To estimate patient treatment cost of oral diseases in Ghana.A cross-sectional study design using cost-of-illness analysis was employed.The study was conducted at the dental unit of the University of Ghana Hospital, Legon.About 185 patients attending the dental unit of the hospital were selected.None.Direct medical and non-medical costs, indirect costs, and intangible costs of treatment of oral conditions.The estimated average cost of treatment for oral diseases was US$ 35.75. The total cost was US$ 6,614.11, with the direct and indirect costs constituting 94.5% and 5.5%, respectively of the total cost. Direct medical costs constituted 86.9%, while direct non-medical costs constituted 13.1% of the total direct cost. The richer socio-economic group had the highest cost per quintile, with a mean of US$ 46.69. The intangible cost described was highest for pain (47.1%), followed by difficulty in eating (40.8%) and sleeping (34.6%) for both men and women.The costs of oral diseases are huge and cannot be overlooked. Oral diseases also pose significant productivity losses to patients.None declared.
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