Data on metal levels in the inlet and outlet wastewater treatment plant of hospitals in Bushehr province, Iran
Fereshte BabaahmadiSina DobaradaranAbdolrahim PaziraSeyed Sajjad EghbaliMaryam KhorsandMozhgan Keshtkar
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In this paper, we measured the levels of metals including Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni, Hg, Fe, and Cu in the inlet and outlet wastewater of hospitals. The samples were taken from wastewater in Bushehr׳s province hospitals, Iran. After the collection of samples, the concentration levels of metals were determined by using graphite furnace absorption spectrometer (AAS) method (Varian, SpectrAA 240, Australia). Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using Special Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 16).Objective:To determine the content of six heavy metal and deleterious elements(Pb,Cd,As,Hg,Cu and Sb)in six Chinese herbs.Methods:Samples were digested with microwave digestion system,and the Pb,Cd,Sb were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry(GFAAS);the As was determined by hydride generation atomic absorption spectroscopy(HGAAS);the Hg was determined by cold vapour atomic absorption spectroscopy(CVAAS);the Cu was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry(FAAS)and examine the reproducibility and recovery of the method.Results:The recovery was 79.0%-125.8% ,RSD was 0.8%- 14.6%.Conclusions :The method is simple and accurate and can be used in the determination of heavy metal and deleterious elements in Chinese herbs.
Microwave digestion
Atomic spectroscopy
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In Chilka lake a new inlet was formed due to natural coastal processes at Gabakunda in August 2008 at 1 km north of the existing inlet at Sipakuda. Present study deals with 2-D mathematical model (MIKE21) studies with two inlets to assess the hydrodynamic changes and salinity variations due to the formation of new inlet at Chilika lake. Predicted tide, monthly average inflows of the rivers and observed salinity are used for the model studies with a constant width of inlets throughout the simulation period. Newly formed inlet has a dominant role in contributing tidal exchanges over Sipakuda inlet. Decrease in tidal prism with two inlets is observed in comparison with that of single inlet system at Sipakuda, which leads to decrease in salinity of about 10 ppt in all the sectors of the lake. Lake salinity is improved by preserving tidal exchange by maintaining the cross sectional area and depth of the inlets.
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Abstract Honey is a natural, sugary and sticky liquid that is produced from the nectars of flowers. This study aimed to analyze the concentration of some selected heavy Metals ( Zn, Cu, Mn, Cd, Pb, and Cr ) in honey samples. 1g of honey sample was digested by a hot plate using 9ml of HNO 3 and 3ml of H 2 O 2. The concentrations of the heavy metals in the digested were detected using a flame atomic absorption spectrometer. The results of this study found that the concentrations of the heavy metals in the honey samples were ranged from 1.97 to 2.04 µg/g for Zn, 1.93µg/g to 2µg/g for Cu, 0.83 to 1.01 µg/g for Mn, 0.25 to 0.45 µg/g for Cr, (0.025–0.031 µg/g for Cd. However, Pb was not detected in all honey samples. Hence, the levels of heavy metals found were below the permitted levels set by the World Health Organization.The contamination levels of the heavy metals are also found to be below the detection levels. The results of this study helped us to know that the acceptable amounts of heavy metals present in the honey samples. From the results, the levels of heavy metals found were below the permitted levels set by the World Health Organization. Thus, the heavy metals in the sampled honey are safe for human consumption in these selected areas.
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The morphologic response of inlets that are part of a multiple inlet system, defined here as two or more coastal inlets connected to the same bay, is a complex problem. It has been thought that one inlet will eventually dominate, and that other inlets will close. Of course, in nature, there is a full range of situations and physical realities that complicate this situation. As more experience and historical information become available, various approaches can be tested. There may be multiple inlet systems serving a bay region that have naturally developed and coexisted for many years in some cases or there maybe newly developed multiple inlet systems whose inlets immediately respond to each other, with the more efficient inlet creating a decline in the size of the other inlet, probably at a varying rate proportional to their efficiencies. An example of this type situation at two inlets on the Guatemalan coast is examined in this paper.
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