beta 2-Microglobulin.
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In the sixties, Ingemar Berggård discovered, isolated and characterized the low molecular weight protein beta 2-microglobulin. The relations of beta 2-microglobulin to the immune system have led to intensive research on this protein. The present work reviews the purification and characterization of human beta 2-microglobulin and animal homologues, the association of beta 2-microglobulin to other molecules, the functional studies with beta 2-microglobulin and antibodies against beta 2-microglobulin, and the evolutionary studies on beta 2-microglobulin.Keywords:
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beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) serum levels were significantly elevated in patients waiting for kidney transplantation. The levels decreased after successful transplantation, even when they were never as low as in a control group of healthy blood donors. A higher amount of serum (s-) beta 2-m was observed also in heart transplant recipients. A significant reincrease in s-beta 2-m occurred during rejection of renal allograft and during CMV and EBV infection. The levels of s-beta 2-m were higher in patients infected with CMV than in those infected with EBV.beta 2-m = beta 2-microglobulin, s-beta 2-m = serum beta 2-microglobulin, CMV = cytomegalovirus, EBV = Epstein-Barr virus.
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A simple and inexpensive method is described for the determination of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG) by enzyme-amplified single radial immunodiffusion. The values obtained with this method correlate well with those determined by means of a commerical RIA kit. Using the immunodiffusion method we have measured the plasma levels of beta 2-MG in 135 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and normal serum creatinine levels. 33% of the patients had increased concentrations of beta 2 MG, but the levels were found to correlate poorly with the values of several variables generally used as indices of the degree inflammatory activity in RA. Furthermore, in contrast to earlier claims to the contrary, beta 2-MG correlated positively with age. The value of beta 2-MG in plasma as an index of inflammatory activity in RA is questioned.
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In the sixties, Ingemar Berggård discovered, isolated and characterized the low molecular weight protein beta 2-microglobulin. The relations of beta 2-microglobulin to the immune system have led to intensive research on this protein. The present work reviews the purification and characterization of human beta 2-microglobulin and animal homologues, the association of beta 2-microglobulin to other molecules, the functional studies with beta 2-microglobulin and antibodies against beta 2-microglobulin, and the evolutionary studies on beta 2-microglobulin.
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Horse anti-human thymocyte globulin (HATG) and sheep anti-human beta-2-microglobulin globulin (SA beta 2-mG), both known to have immunosuppressive potency, were quantitatively absorbed by a number of human cells, then, tested for platelet aggregating and lymphocytotoxic reactivities. Peripheral blood lymphocytes, lymphoblastoid T- and B-cell lines, platelets and spermatozoa could remove varying amounts of both reactivities from HATG and SA beta 2mG. Daudi cells were effective in reducing the lymphocyte and some platelet reactivity of HATG but did not affect those of SA beta 2mG. Erythrocytes had no absorption capacity for either antibody. The qualitative and quantitative differences in absorbing with various cells on the platelet aggregating and lymphotoxic activities of HATG and SA beta 2mG indicate the high specificity and direct action of the antibodies on platelets and lymphocytes.
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Abstract. Beta 2 ‐microglobulin (β 2 m) content of several human tumor lines implanted into athymic mice was investigated. The concentration of this protein was found to vary greatly from tumor to tumor. The growth rate of the tumors was inversely related to the amount of the extractable β 2 m. The fastest growing, undifferentiated tumors contained the least amount of β 2 m.
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Abstract 2,3‐Diamino‐pyridin (II) reagiert mit Cyclohexanon‐2‐carbonsäureester (Ia) um 70°C zum Enamin (III), das mit Äthylat zu (IV) cyclisiert und weiter bei 200°C zum cyclischen Harnstoff (V) umgelagert wird.
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The concentration of serum, beta-2-microglobulin (S beta 2m) and the ratio measured S 2m/theoretical S beta 2m M/TH were evaluated in 69 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and compared with healthy subjects and with patients with a benign monoclonal gammapathy. The concentration of S beta 2m and the ratio S beta 2m M/TH are higher in multiple myeloma than in controls and are strongly correlated with the plasma cell mass On the other hand, no difference was noted concerning the S beta 2m and the ration S beta 2m M/TH between benign monoclonal gammopathy and multiple myeloma at stage I of Durie and Salmon. Under chemotherapy, the variations in concentrations of S beta 2m and of the ratio S beta 2m M/TH are strongly correlated with those of the tumour mass. Beta 2m is not very useful for the differential diagnosis between benign monoclonal gammapathy and multiple myeloma. Beta 2m is very useful in the prognosis of MM, permitting one to assess accurately the tumour mass and the response to treatment, particularly in cases of deficiency of the usual markers.
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Beta-2 microglobulin
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