The paradoxical pro‐ and antiangiogenic actions of resveratrol: therapeutic applications in cancer and diabetes
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Resveratrol, a polyphenol found in grapes, peanuts, and red wine, plays different roles in diseases such as cancer and diabetes. Existing information indicates that resveratrol provides cardioprotection, as evidenced by superior postischemic ventricular recovery, reduced myocardial infarct size, and decreased number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes associated with resveratrol treatment in animal models. Cardiovascular benefits are experienced in humans with routine but not acute consumption of red wine. In this concise review, the paradoxical pro‐ and antiangiogenic effects of resveratrol are described, and different roles for resveratrol in the formation of new blood vessels are explained through different mechanisms. It is hypothesized that the effects of resveratrol on different cell types are not only dependent on its concentration but also on the physical and chemical conditions surrounding cells. The findings discussed herein shed light on potential therapeutic proapoptotic and antiangiogenic applications of low‐dose resveratrol treatment in the prevention and treatment of different diseases.Keywords:
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Resveratrol, a polyphenol phytoalexin, possesses diverse biochemical and physiological actions, including estrogenic, antiplatelet, and anti-inflammatory properties. Several recent studies determined the cardioprotective abilities of resveratrol. Both in experiments (acute) and in chronic models, resveratrol attenuates myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, and reduces ventricular arrhythmias. It appears that resveratrol-mediated cardioprotection is achieved through the preconditioning effect (the best yet devised method of cardioprotection), rather than direct protection. Thus, resveratrol likely fulfills the definition of a pharmacological preconditioning compound and gives hope to the therapeutic promise of alternative medicine.
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Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trans-trihydroxystilbene) is a naturally occurring phytoalexin that is found in medicinal plants, grape skin, peanuts and red wine. Resveratrol exhibits a remarkable range of biological activities, including anticancer activity, antitubulin activity, anti-cardiovascular disease activity, etc. Several other natural products are structurally similar to resveratrol and also present in food. In addition, a series of resveratrol derivatives have been synthesized by the addition of defined functional groups to increase the potency or enhance the activity of specific properties of resveratrol. These resveratrol derivatives might provide promising functions as cardiovascular disease chemopreventive agents. In this review, we will attempt to summarize the main developments of resveratrol derivatives in cardiovascular disease and the main developments have occurred in derivatives of resveratrol's structure-activity relationship and cardiovascular disease over the last couple of decades. Keywords: Cardiovascular disease, reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, SIRT1, AMPK, Akt, derivatives of resveratrol, structure-activity relationship, structure-activity, relationship, phytoalexin.
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Resveratrol, a grape- and red wine-derived polyphenolic phytoalexin, shows diverse health benefits including cardioprotection. Recent studies implicate that resveratrol displays hormetic action, protecting the cells at a lower dose while killing them at relatively higher doses. Because such hormetic behaviour may have a significant impact on epidemiological and clinical studies, the present study sought to determine dose-response curves for resveratrol action. In parallel, another resveratrol formulation was tested, namely, Longevinex (Resveratrol Partners LLC, USA). A group of rats were force-fed three different doses of resveratrol or Longevinex (2.5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) for up to 30 days, while the control group was only given placebo. The results showed hormesis for pure resveratrol, which was cardioprotective at lower doses and detrimental for higher doses, but surprisingly Longevinex did not display any hormetic action. In the concentration range studied, Longevinex remained cardioprotective even at 100 mg/100 g body weight - a dose that killed 100% of the hearts when tested with pure resveratrol. To further test whether Longevinex doses are beneficial for other animal species, Longevinex was gavaged to a group of rabbits for six months, and showed exactly the same degree of cardioprotection. Cardioprotection was examined in isolated working hearts subjected to 30 min of ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion; left ventricular performance and infarct size was also examined. It appears that Longevinex does not show any hormetic action, while resveratrol clearly does.
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Resveratrol is a kind of matural phytoalexin. It exists in grapes and the products of grapes. It has the significant physiological activity belonged to polyphenol commpound. Resveratrol has antitumous effect, antibacterial action, antiinflammation, antioxidation、anti-free radical, improving blood circulates and restraining blood platelet to agglutinate, et al.
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Resveratrol (3,4',5-trihy- droxystilbene), a natural phytoalexin polyphenol, exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic properties. This phytoalexin is well-absorbed and rapidly and extensively metabolized in the body. Inflammation is an adaptive response, which could be triggered by various danger signals, such as invasion by microorganisms or tissue injury. In this review, the anti-inflammatory activity and the mechanism of resveratrol modulates the inflammatory response are examined. Multiple experimental studies that illustrate regulatory mechanisms and the immunomodulatory function of resveratrol both in vivo and in vitro. The data acquired from those studies are discussed.
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