Occupational Therapy Alone Has Looked Upon Occupation: Future Applications of Occupational Science to Pediatric Occupational Therapy
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Abstract:
Occupational therapy has been an invisible profession, largely because the public has had difficulty grasping the concept of occupation. The emergence of occupational science has the potential of improving this situation. Occupational science is firmly rooted in the founding ideas of occupational therapy. In the future, the nature of human occupation will be illuminated by the development of a basic theory of occupational science. Occupational science, through research and theory development, will guide the practice of occupational therapy. Applications of occupational science to the practice of pediatric occupational therapy are presented. Ultimately, occupational science will prepare pediatric occupational therapists to better meet the needs of parents and their children.Keywords:
Occupational Science
Background: Doctoral students experience decreased well-being during their educational experience. Self-compassion, engagement in meaningful occupations, and occupational balance positively impact well-being in individuals. This study examined the relationships between these constructs in postprofessional occupational science and occupational therapy students.
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Abstract Occupational science is a new scientific discipline that is defined as the systematic study of the human as an occupational being. A doctoral program in occupational science has been established at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, With its emphasis on the provision of a multidimensional description of the substrates, form, function, meaning, and sociocultural and historical contexts of occupation, occupational science emphasizes the ability of humans throughout the life span to actively pursue and orchestrate occupations. In this paper, occupational science is described, defined, and distinguished from other social sciences. A general systems model is presented as a heuristic to explain occupation and organize knowledge in occupational science. The development of occupational science offers several key benefits to the profession of occupational therapy, including (a) fulfillment of the demand for doctoral-level faculty members in colleges and universities; (b) the generation of needed basic science research; and (c) the justification for and potential enhancement of practice.
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Background . The progression of occupational science in Chile is documented in the main scientific publication of the field, the Chilean Journal of Occupational Therapy (RChTO). Objective . Identify approaches to understanding and applying occupation and occupational science as elucidated in the RChTO. Methodology . A systematic qualitative review of the journal (2001–2012) identified articles elucidating an approach to understanding and application operationally defined as references to specific authors, theories, models/paradigms, definitions, and other fields that support approaches to O/OS. Results . The study identified two main approaches. The first considers occupation/occupational science from a practical perspective or as a means to explain human behavior; the second considers occupation/occupational science as an object of study. Each approach is further divided into categories. Conclusion . This study provides a novel perspective on regional use of occupational science concepts. These findings contribute to our understanding of this science in context and to recognition of the cultural relevance of these scientific concepts.
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This is a description of a course in occupational science for first semester occupational therapy students in an entry level Master’s degree program. The course is organized around readings chosen from occupational science and other fields and is taught using the learning through discussion process. The author’s reflections on the course follow the description.
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The influence of occupational science is evident in the theoretical and research-based knowledge base within occupational therapy. Moreover, studies show that contributions from occupational scienc...
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Abstract Occupational science is an emerging discipline which has the potential to support the practice and study of occupational therapy and contribute new knowledge to society. It originated in the values and traditions of occupational therapy as articulated by Adolph Meyer, the "occupational behavior" framework of Mary Reilly, the spirit of Jean Ayres' clinical practice for children, and the work of a community of scholars at the University of Southern California. Occupational science is a new, interdisciplinary synthesis of basic knowledge concerning the human as an occupational being. Disciplines contributing to the science are identified according to their congruence with the root beliefs of occupational therapy. The core courses constituting the new doctor of philosophy degree in occupational science are described. Finally, assumptions supporting occupational science such as the importance of skill, holism, and an optimistic view of human nature are made explicit. Occupational science is a promising resource for further legitimizing the practice of occupational therapy, providing a curricular framework for students and strengthening the contribution of academic departments of occupational therapy to the universe of knowledge constituting the university.
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Occupational science, stemmed from occupational therapy, is a new basic social science defined as the systematic study of the human as an occupational being.Mary Reilly argued that occupational therapy profession should reorganize its academic structure of knowledge by embracing traditional emphasis on occupation.Supporting Reilly’s view, Elizabeth J. Yerxa and her colleagues developed a doctoral program in occupational science with suggestions that the basic science (occupational science) of occupation should focus on the explanation of occupation, whereas the applied science (occupational therapy) should emphasize advancing knowledge on the use of occupation in treatment.The priority of occupational science is to promote theories about the form, function, and meaning as well as the sociocultural context of occupation so that the profession of occupational therapy can be nourished. The major contribution of occupational science to occupational therapy will be providing a body of knowledge sharply focused on the concept of occupation which will help in justification and enhancement of occupational therapy practice.
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For the last several years, unbeknownst to many occupational therapists and some occupational scientists, a wave of change has been approaching the international health care horizon that may greatly impact our profession, in terms of daily practices and its standing among the community of healthcare practitioners. That change is the development of the ICIDH-2: International Classi cation of Functioning, Disability and Health [2], a revision of the original ICIDH, or International Classi cation of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps [3]. Akin to much of our occupational therapy literature, this document, or classi cation system, recognizes the relevance of everyday activities to health and that ‘‘participation in everyday life by persons with disabilities results from the interaction between person and environment’’ ([4] p.223). Occupational therapy leaders are encouraging the profession to join this wave of change, to begin to study the ICIDH-2 for its usefulness and application in occupational therapy, and to participate in the international discussions related to its development [4, 5]. Use of the document and terminology within occupational therapy is being encouraged by both the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA), and the American Occupational Therapy Foundation (AOTF). For these reasons, AOTF sponsored a consensus conference, held in July of 1999, to relate occupational therapy terminology to the language of the ICIDH-2 and ‘‘promote the consistent use of the ICIDH-2 across the profession of occupational therapy’’ ([4] p.223). In the spirit of that directive, this article will attempt to detail the structure and contents of the most recent version of the ICIDH-2, and discuss its concepts in relation to occupational therapy and occupational science. This article is intended to familiarize occupational therapists and occupational scientists with the ICIDH-2 document and the revision process, and echo its relevance to both disciplines. While sections of this article might actually become obsolete during its publication and:or shortly thereafter, it seems timely nevertheless to provide an analysis of the ICIDH-2 from an occupational science perspective for those who are either unfamiliar with it, or have not thought about its relationship to the emerging science. The document is currently undergoing nal revisions and will, no doubt, become the international standard for describing various health states in terms of activity. In this paper, I will present a thorough overview of the ICIDH-2 including the background and history of the ICIDH-2, a general description of the document and its overall aims, and a detailed outline of the most recent draft version of the ICIDH-2, including the classi cation constructs and their interaction. I will also highlight aspects of the ICIDH-2 revision process, in order to clarify the evolution of the document, as well as identify issues addressed in the revision that most closely pertain to questions of occupation. Finally, I will analyze the classi cation system in relation to occupational therapy and occupational science concepts and concerns. My goal is twofold. First, I aim to provide suf cient detail in this overview to enable occupational therapists and occupational scientists to begin to think about the potential use of the ICIDH-2 for research and clinical purposes, and to join the international discussions related to these concepts so familiar to both disciplines. Second, through my analysis of the document in relation to occupational therapy and occupational science, I hope to inspire future projects related to ICIDH-2 concepts that are well suited for occupational therapy clinicians and occupational science researchers.
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