Effect of administrative stress on mental health in a group ofoffice workers-Across sectional study
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Mental health delineates the social and intellectual skills that will be needed to meet the new challenges in day to day life. Mental health is a fundamental element of resilience, health assets and the capabilities that influences life style changes and outcomes for individuals, families and communities. The positive effects of regular leisure-time physical activity on physical health and well-being have been extensively documented. There is also evidence that people who are physically active have better emotional health than those who are sedentary. The general health questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) and its four subscales (somatic symptoms, anxiety-insomnia, social dysfunction, and severe depression) is a tool designed to detect non-psychotic psychiatric illnesses. aim and objectives: the purpose of this study is to assess administrative stress on mental health inoffice workers. materials and methods: 200 office workers in the clerical grade in the age group of 25-58 years of both sex. this study is carried out in office workers in and around north chennai. the mental health status will be assessed using 28 item ghq. the general health questionnaire (ghq-28) is a self-administered screening instrument designed to detect current diagnosable psychiatric disorder, the data was analysed using standard statistical software packages. results: the statistical analysis showed there is significant mental health impairment among the office staff, conclusion: the general health questionnaire (ghq) is thus a useful tool to assess the mental health of the individual and a preventive measure in psychological morbidity in the future.Keywords:
General Health Questionnaire
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The General Health Questionnaires, developed by D. Goldberg (GHQ-12 and GHQ-28), are self-administered screening instruments designed to detect current diagnosable changes in the mental health status and to identify cases of potential mental disorders leaving a detailed diagnosis to a psychiatric interview. The General Health Questionnaires were designed for the use in primary health care settings, in the general population surveys or in general medical practice. The validation studies of the Polish version of GHQ-12 and GHQ-28 are described. The internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach alpha) reached the value of 0.859 for GHQ-12 in the study of 2540 employees, and 0.934 for GHQ-28 in the group of 1108 employees. The coefficients obtained in our studies are comparable to those reported by other authors who carried out investigations in populations of various countries. Test-retest reliability (ru approximately 0.7) seems to be good enough, taking account of the fact that the methods presented are aimed at diagnosing the state of mental health and not its stable traits. Having obtained significant differences in scores assigned to patients examined in settings at different levels of health care (a significant increase in GHQ scores of patients examined in psychiatric clinic as compared to patients of primary health care settings) it may be concluded that the criteria validity of both questionnaires is satisfactory.
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General Health Questionnaire
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Background. Different versions of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), including the GHQ-12 and GHQ-28 have been subjected to factor analysis in a variety of countries. The World Health Organization study of psychological disorders in general health care offered the opportunity to investigate the factor structure of both GHQ versions in 15 different centres.Methods. The factor structures of the GHQ-12 and GHQ-28 extracted by principal component analysis were compared in participating centres. The GHQ-12 was completed by 26120 patients and 5273 patients completed the GHQ-28. The factor structure of the GHQ-28 found in Manchester in this study was compared with that found in the earlier study in 1979.Results. For the GHQ-12, substantial factor variation between centres was found. After rotation, two factors expressing depression and social dysfunction could be identified. For the GHQ-28, factor variance was less. In general, the original C (social dysfunction) and D (depression) scales of the GHQ-28 were more stable than the A (somatic symptoms) and B (anxiety) scales. Multiple cross-loadings occurred in both versions of the GHQ suggesting correlation of the extracted factors. In Manchester, the factor structure of the GHQ had changed since its development. Validity as a case detector was not affected by factor variance.Conclusions. These findings confirm that despite factor variation for the GHQ-12, two domains, depression and social dysfunction, appear across the 15 centres. In the scaled GHQ-28, two of the scales were remarkably robust between the centres. The cross-correlation between the other two subscales, probably reflects the strength of the relationship between anxiety and somatic symptoms existing in different locations.
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Many cancer patients are anxious even when disease is in remission. Anxiety about health, ‘health anxiety’, has distinct features, notably seeking medical reassurance about symptoms. Doctors may then communicate that these symptoms are not due to serious illness, a process known as ‘reassurance’. However, reassurance may inadvertently perpetuate some patients' anxiety. We aimed to observe the relation between symptoms, anxiety and reassurance in consultations with cancer patients. A total of 95 outpatients, with breast or testicular cancers in remission, completed questionnaires measuring health anxiety at study entry, then general anxiety – before a consultation, immediately afterwards, 1 week later, and before their next consultation. We examined symptoms reported and reassurance by oncologists from audio recordings of consultations, and the outcome of subjects' anxiety. The results showed that substantial health anxiety was reported by one-third of the patients. Patients with higher levels of health anxiety reported more symptoms during consultations. Reassurance was ubiquitous, but not followed by an enduring improvement in anxiety. Certain forms of reassurance predicted increased anxiety over time, particularly for subjects who were most anxious. In conclusion, health anxiety can be a problem after cancer. Reassurance may not reduce patients' anxiety. Some reassurance was counterproductive for the most anxious patients. Oncologists may need to use reassurance as a procedure, balancing risk, and benefits, and patient selection and to manage cancer patients in remission.
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Background : Namibia faces a daunting array of mental health problems. However, there is no Namibian screening instrument for
psychological distress. Aim : To develop a Namibian version of the 28 item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28).
Methods : A
consecutive sample of 159 Oshiwambo speaking patients attending rural health clinics in the north of Namibia were enrolled in the
study. Basic demographic data were collected and subjects asked to complete the GHQ-28 that had been translated into Oshiwambo.
Thereafter all subjects were interviewed with the Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS). Using the CIS data as a marker for psychiatric
caseness, the sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) of the Oshiwambo GHQ-28 were assessed. Results :
Based on a 0-0-1-1 scoring system, the Oshiwambo GHQ-28 was found to have a sensitivity of 82.1% and a specificity of 79.4%. The
ROC analysis revealed good discriminating power with an area under the curve of 0.86 Conclusions :The Oshiwambo version of the
28 item GHQ is a valid screening instrument for psychological distress in clinic attendees.
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Purpose: The purpose of this article is to investigate how age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is associated with anxiety and depression. Methods: An online repository of deidentified patient data was queried to identify and retrospectively analyze patients with AMD, depression, or anxiety via ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes. Odds ratios were calculated between AMD and anxiety and depression, respectively. Results: Of the 51 019 patients analyzed in this study, 11 681 (22.9%) had depression, 8727 (17.1%) had anxiety, and 2752 (5.4%) had AMD. The prevalence of anxiety among AMD patients was 18.2%, and the prevalence of depression among AMD patients was 25.0%. The odds of a patient with AMD carrying a diagnosis of anxiety are 1.3 (95% CI 1.2, 1.5) times higher than a patient without AMD, and the odds of carrying a diagnosis of depression are also 1.3 (95% CI 1.1, 1.4) times more likely. Conclusions: Patients with AMD have increased odds of suffering from comorbid anxiety and depression. Ophthalmologists should consider mental health screens and appropriate referrals as new diagnoses of AMD are made or as the disease progresses.
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In order to help nurse to identify the difference between anxiety reaction and nervous anxiety, grasp the key points of anxiety's identification and interference skills of anxiety, and offer scientific and effective psychological nursing to patients, the paper stated clinical features and identification of common anxiety systematically, focusing on clinical features and countermeasures of hospitalization anxiety, operative anxiety, separation anxiety, comprehensive anxiety.
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Objective To investigate the incidence of type 2 diabetic inpatients' anxiety and depression,and discuss the treatment effect of health education.Methods We investigated the anxiety and depression of type 2 diabetic inpatients between January 2009 and May 2012,gave health education to the anxious and depressed patients,and reevaluation was carried out when the patients were discharged from the hospital.Results The result showed that 22.45% of the type 2 diabetic inpatients had anxiety,and 11.37% of them had depression.After the health education,the number of anxious patients was markedly reduced(P 0.05),especially in patients with mild and moderate anxiety,but it had no distinct improvement in severely anxious patients.To all the depressed patients,health education had bad curative effect,especially in those with moderate and serious depression.Conclusion Anxiety and depression have high incidence in type 2 diabetic inpatients,and health education is an effective treatment for patients with mild and moderate anxiety.
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