Back Cover: The Prospecting Shortcut to an Old Molecule: Formaldehyde Synthesis at Low Temperature in Solution (ChemSusChem 20/2016)
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The Back Cover picture shows a direct route to formaldehyde synthesis from syngas. Current megaton-scale formaldehyde production requires high-temperature gas-phase processes. In contrast, the depicted route, developed by Tanksale and co-workers, takes place in solution at low temperature and eliminates the need for energy- and cost-intensive steps used in the currently applied methods. More details can be found in the Highlight by Heim et al. on page 2905 in Issue 20, 2016 (DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201601043).Corn stover
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We report on a novel approach toward dimethyl ether(DME) synthesis using crude CO2-rich bio-syngas and biomass char.The crude bio-syngas was derived from bio-oil reforming and was initially conditioned by catalytic conversion into CO-rich bio-syngas using biomass char over the Ni/Al2O3 catalyst.The molar ratio of CO2 to CO significantly decreased from 6.33 in the CO2-rich bio-syngas to 0.21 after bio-syngas conditioning at 800 °C.The yield of dimethyl ether from the conditioned bio-syngas was about four times higher than that from the CO2-rich bio-syngas over the Cu-ZnO-Al2O3/HZSM-5 catalyst.This work potentially provides a useful approach toward producing biofuels and chemicals from bio-syngas and a novel utilization of biomass char.
Dimethyl ether
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A mechanically agitated slurry reactor system was designed, built and operated to investigate the liquid phase methanol (LPMeOH{trademark}) synthesis process. In this reactor system, syngas reacts in the presence of the methanol synthesis catalyst (Cu/ZnO/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}), which is slurried in the oil phase, and is thoroughly agitated by a mechanically driven impeller. Synthesis gas consisting of H{sub 2}, CO, CO{sub 2} and CH{sub 4} is mainly used as a feedstock in the synthesis of methanol. The sources of syngas for methanol synthesis have become very diverse, ranging from syngas obtained from Lurgi gasifiers (H{sub 2}-rich syngas), to syngas obtained from industrial gasifiers like Texaco and Koppers Totzek (CO-rich syngas). The effect of syngas composition, ranging from CO-rich to H{sub 2}-rich syngas, on the productivity of methanol was investigated. The development of a kinetic rate expression and the effect on equilibrium conversion, using H{sub 2}-rich syngas and CO-rich syngas, will be compared. These results will be of immense help in the modeling of the reactor system, and assist in the design, development, and scale-up of the LPMeOH process.
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Catalytic conversion of biomass-derived syngas (bio-syngas) into gasoline range hydrocarbons has been regarded as one of potential routes to utilize biomass. In this route, biomass is firstly converted into bio-syngas through biomass gasification. Then bio-syngas is catalytically converted into transportation fuels or chemicals. In this paper, catalytic synthesis of gasoline range hydrocarbons by using model syngas similar to bio-syngas has been carried out over Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts. Different system temperatures were adopted in the experiments to figure out the effects of reaction parameters. The products were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The catalysts were characterized by SEM-EDS and TEM. The results showed that Mo/HZSM-5 was active in model bio-syngas.
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Abstract This paper will discuss the comparison between the three leading Syngas manufacturing technologies; Partial Oxidation (POX), Autothermal Reforming (ATR) and the Steam Methane Reformer (SMR) technology. Also, this paper will discuss the development of the Catalytic Partial Oxidation COPox syngas technology. The discussion will focus on illustrating the general syngas chemistry of each technology and where the COPox process fits into the spectrum of syngas technologies. It will also discuss the application of the first two technologies in commercial plants and some of the critical operating parameters that can influence the performance and the efficiency of syngas production such as, feed gas composition, operating temperate and pressure. Syngas can use in the Fischer-Tropsch and methanol process, as fuel, or as an intermediate for chemical production. Syngas treatment and removal of sulfur, NH3, soot and HCN containing compounds is essential to the final application of the gas. This paper wills discuss the effect of the impurities in the syngas.
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