Sea Level Rise and Coastal Vulnerability along the Eastern Coast of India through Geo-spatial Technologies
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The study emphasizes the local and regional level coastal vulnerability in the context of climate change induced present sea level rise using Sea level and tidal gauge data and advanced geo spatial technologies along the eastern coast of India.The coast is a potential hot spot zone were found the immediate effect of sea level rise.Presently climate change induced global warming and the melting of ice sheets and continental glaciers continually increase the sea level, which leads the natural hazards such as Tsunami, storm surges, thermal expansion of sea water and cyclones.The study was used SRTM global DEM with 90 m resolution to derive the coastal elevation, inundation risk zones along the eastern coast of India.The sea level rise scenario has been explained by using a 5 th order polynomial curve which also interpolates and extrapolate the gaps within the available data of four tidal gauge stations.The results show that northern portion (Ganga-Brahmaputra delta region) of the coast, mostly affected by the sea level rise (4.7 mm per year) where the Sundarban region is the most vulnerable region due to the lower elevation (ranges 0 to 20 m) and higher tidal influence.Also Visakhapatnam and Bhubaneswar have a higher rate of sea level rise respectively 0.73 and 0.43 which increase the erosional activity and probable inundation level.As this study reveals the level of vulnerability, it helps to develop mitigation and adaptation measures in those most vulnerable areas to sea level rise problems.The final results support and suggests planners and decision makers in the spatial identification for the future strategies.Keywords:
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Salt marsh
Marine transgression
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Evidence of Sea Level Acceleration at U.S. and Canadian Tide Stations, Atlantic Coast, North America
Boon, J.D., 2012. Evidence of sea level acceleration at U.S. and Canadian tide stations, Atlantic Coast, North America.Evidence of statistically significant acceleration in sea level rise relative to land is found in a recent analysis of monthly mean sea level (mmsl) at tide stations on the Atlantic coast of North America. Serial trend analysis was used at 11 U.S. Atlantic coast stations and 1 Canadian station (Halifax, Nova Scotia) with record lengths exceeding 75 years to examine change in the linear trend rate of rise over time. Deriving trend estimates that apply in the median year of fixed-length mmsl series, reversals in rate direction (increasing or decreasing) were observed around 1939–40 and again in the mid-1960s except at the northeasternmost stations in the latter period. What has not been observed until recently is a sharp reversal (in 1987) followed by a uniform, near-linear change in rise rate that infers constant acceleration at eight mid- to NE Atlantic tide stations, change not seen at SE U.S. Atlantic stations. Quadratic regression and analysis of variance applied to mmsl series over the last 43 years (1969–2011) confirms that addition of a quadratic term representing acceleration is statistically significant at 16 tide stations from Virginia to Nova Scotia. Previous quadratic model studies have focused on sea level series of longer spanning periods with variable serial trends undermining quadratic expression of either accelerating or decelerating sea level. Although the present 43-year analysis offers no proof that acceleration will be long lived, the rapidity of the nascent serial trend increase within the region of interest is unusual. Assuming constant acceleration exists and continues, the regression model projects mmsl by 2050 varying between 0.2 and 0.9 m above mean sea level (MSL) in the NE region and between −0.3 and 0.4 m above MSL in the SE region.
Nova scotia
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Salt marsh
Dominance (genetics)
Tidal range
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Yangtze river
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Coastal flood
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Sea level has risen significantly in the recent decades and is expected to rise further based on recent climate projections. Ocean reanalyses that synthetize information from observing networks, dynamical ocean general circulation models, and atmospheric forcing data offer an attractive way to evaluate sea level trend and variability and partition the causes of such sea level changes at both global and regional scales. Here, we review recent utilization of reanalyses for steric sea level trend investigations. State-of-the-science ocean reanalysis products are then used to further infer steric sea level changes. In particular, we used an ensemble of centennial reanalyses at moderate spatial resolution (between 0.5 × 0.5 and 1 × 1 degree) and an ensemble of eddy-permitting reanalyses to quantify the trends and their uncertainty over the last century and the last two decades, respectively. All the datasets showed good performance in reproducing sea level changes. Centennial reanalyses reveal a 1900–2010 trend of steric sea level equal to 0.47 ± 0.04 mm year−1, in agreement with previous studies, with unprecedented rise since the mid-1990s. During the altimetry era, the latest vintage of reanalyses is shown to outperform the previous ones in terms of skill scores against the independent satellite data. They consistently reproduce global and regional upper ocean steric expansion and the association with climate variability, such as ENSO. However, the mass contribution to the global mean sea level rise is varying with products and its representability needs to be improved, as well as the contribution of deep and abyssal waters to the steric sea level rise. Similarly, high-resolution regional reanalyses for the European seas provide valuable information on sea level trends, their patterns, and their causes.
Centennial
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Vulnerability
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Future sea level
Accumulation zone
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If the rising sea level due to climate change proceeds in the future with the rate observed in the past four decades, it could inundate some coastal lowlands. The aim of this paper is to assess future risk of sea-level rise (SLR) on the Nile delta of Egypt located along the Mediterranean Sea. Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are verified, against ground control points, and used to identify areas susceptible to inundation due to future SLR. Analysis of DEMs maps and cross-shore profiles has identified locations that are vulnerable to SLR including coastal wetlands, agriculture areas, and urban neighborhoods. The results have revealed that about 7% of the Nile delta area is at risk of inundation due to future SLR. This information could be used by coastal zone managers in planning and protection of coastal areas.
River delta
Elevation (ballistics)
Coastal hazards
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