The efficient physiological strategy of a tomato landrace in response to short-term salinity stress
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Stomatal Conductance
Water Use Efficiency
Plant Physiology
Photoinhibition
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Summary Improvement in crop water‐use efficiency ( WUE ) is a critical priority for regions facing increased drought or diminished groundwater resources. Despite new tools for the manipulation of stomatal development, the engineering of plants with high WUE remains a challenge. We used Arabidopsis epidermal patterning factor ( EPF ) mutants exhibiting altered stomatal density to test whether WUE could be improved directly by manipulation of the genes controlling stomatal density. Specifically, we tested whether constitutive overexpression of EPF 2 reduced stomatal density and maximum stomatal conductance ( g w(max) ) sufficiently to increase WUE . We found that a reduction in g w(max) via reduced stomatal density in EPF 2 ‐overexpressing plants ( EPF 2 OE ) increased both instantaneous and long‐term WUE without altering significantly the photosynthetic capacity. Conversely, plants lacking both EPF 1 and EPF 2 expression ( epf1epf2 ) exhibited higher stomatal density, higher g w(max) and lower instantaneous WUE , as well as lower (but not significantly so) long‐term WUE . Targeted genetic modification of stomatal conductance, such as in EPF 2 OE , is a viable approach for the engineering of higher WUE in crops, particularly in future high‐carbon‐dioxide ( CO 2 ) atmospheres.
Stomatal Conductance
Water Use Efficiency
Stomatal density
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Stomatal Conductance
Water Use Efficiency
Photosynthetically active radiation
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Stomatal Conductance
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Stomatal Conductance
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Populus deltoids is a fast growing and high water-consuming species.It is necessary to choose clones with high water use efficiency when they are introduced to China.In our test,long-term water use efficiency (WUEL),instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEi),foliar carbon isotope composition (δ13C),photosynthesis,stomatal density and stomatal conductance(Gs) of three P.deltoids clones(DN2,P.deltoides×P.nigra;R-270,P.deltoides×P.nigra;NE-19,P.nigra×(P.deltoides×P.nigra)) were studied under different water treatments.The results showed that significant differences in these parameters were detected among three clones,indicating the variation of water use efficiency among three clones.NE-19 was the best clone,with the highest WUEL,WUEi,δ13 C and net photosynthetic rate(Pn) and the lowest stomatal density and Gs.Therefore,we make a conclusion that stomatal density and conductance are the major factors which could lead to the variation of Pn and WUE i and in turn affect WUEL and δ13C.δ13 C could be a good indicator to evaluate the WUEL of clones,which was correlated with WUEL under sufficient water supply;however,the correlation decreased under water stress.ERECTA gene is the first gene which could regulate plant transpiration efficiency in Arabidopsis.A cDNA clone,designated PdERECTA,was isolated from P.deltoids.RT-PCR indicated that PdERECTA gene may have the similar function in P.deltoids.
Water Use Efficiency
Stomatal Conductance
Stomatal density
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Thirty wheat genotypes from UK, CIMMYT and Pakistan were evaluated under controlled environment conditions for their potential biomass production by measuring stomatal conductance (gs; porometry), leaf photosynthesis (IRGA), carbon isotope discrimination and carbon content (isotope ratio and mass analysis) at Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK during 2011. Amongst the dwarf genotypes, Rht2 and Rht3 showed lower stomatal conductance than Seri 32B, Seri 87B and Bathoor-07. For these 5 genotypes and another genotype 'Inqalab' photosynthetic performance was determined by means of IRGA measurements. Of these genotypes Inqalab had the highest photosynthetic activity (A), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E) and leaf intercellular CO2 but it also had the lowest water use efficiency (A/gs) and intrinsic water use efficiency (A/E). Seri-87B had the greatest water use efficiency (A/gs) and intrinsic water use efficiency (A/E). All the Pakistani genotypes had large stomatal conductance's and high 13C delta (Δ) and thus may be expected to produce high biomass under irrigations and optimum inputs.
Stomatal Conductance
Water Use Efficiency
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Elevated atmospheric CO2 is not only a reaction caused by a series of climate change,but also has a significant impact on plant physiological process and growth.This article analyses the research progress on the leaf stomatal density,stomatal conductance,plant photosynthesis,transpiration and water use efficiency under the condition of high atmospheric CO2 enrichment.It is found out that under such condition stomatal density decreases significantly,and stomatal conductance also decreases significantly(30%).Plant photosynthesis increases by 50%～100% in general.The decreased rate of transpiration may differ on different plant,about 10%～70%.The water use efficiency(WUE) increases,and its increasing rate under adequate nitrogen treatment is more obvious than that under inadequate treatment.And analysis is made of the interrelationship between them.The conclusion can be used as theoretical basis for breeding crop varieties with high water use and water-saving efficiency.
Stomatal Conductance
Water Use Efficiency
Stomatal density
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The temperature dependence of the relationship between the decline in activity of photosystem II (PSII) and a chlorophyll a fluorescence parameter combining the excitation pressure (1–qP) and efficiency of excitation energy capture by open PSII reaction centers in the light-acclimated state (Fv′/Fm′) was investigated in cotton leaves. A formula for the prediction of PSII inactivation is proposed on the basis of the results obtained. By comparison of the predicted and actual levels of PSII photoinactivation, the rate of PSII recovery was estimated from chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters measured during the day for attached cotton leaves exposed to suboptimal morning temperatures in a greenhouse.
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Intrinsic water use efficiency (WUE(intr)), the ratio of photosynthesis to stomatal conductance to water, is often used as an index for crop water use in breeding projects. However, WUE(intr) conflates variation in these two processes, and thus may be less useful as a selection trait than knowledge of both components. The goal of the present study was to determine whether the contribution of photosynthetic capacity and stomatal conductance to WUE(intr) varied independently between soybean genotypes and whether this pattern was interactive with mild drought. Photosynthetic capacity was defined as the variation in WUE(intr) that would occur if genotypes of interest had the same stomatal conductance as a reference genotype and only differed in photosynthesis; similarly, the contribution of stomatal conductance to WUE(intr) was calculated assuming a constant photosynthetic capacity across genotypes. Genotypic differences in stomatal conductance had the greatest effect on WUE(intr) (26% variation when well watered), and was uncorrelated with the effect of photosynthetic capacity on WUE(intr). Thus, photosynthetic advantages of 8.3% were maintained under drought. The maximal rate of Rubisco carboxylation, generally the limiting photosynthetic process for soybeans, was correlated with photosynthetic capacity. As this trait was not interactive with leaf temperature, and photosynthetic capacity differences were maintained under mild drought, the observed patterns of photosynthetic advantage for particular genotypes are likely to be consistent across a range of environmental conditions. This suggests that it is possible to employ a selection strategy of breeding water-saving soybeans with high photosynthetic capacities to compensate for otherwise reduced photosynthesis in genotypes with lower stomatal conductance.
Water Use Efficiency
Stomatal Conductance
Photosynthetic capacity
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