PRESERVATION OF THE CELL-BIOMATERIAL INTERFACE AT THE ULTRASTRUCTURAL LEVEL
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Abstract:
Studying the tissue-biomaterial interface at the ultrastructural level is not without problems. Dissolution of the biomaterial in one of the dehydration or embedding media causes holes and shatter during sectioning or dislodgement of the biomaterial. The fine tuning of the hardness of both biomaterial and embedding medium, as well as the introduction of butyl-2,3-epoxypropylether as an intermediate between the dehydration series and the Epon resin, improving the impregnation, will solve many of the problems mentioned. With this improved technique good results were obtained with materials ranging from teflon, poly(Lactic acid) and polyurethanes to tissue culture polystyrene. No holes, shatter or dislodgement of the biomaterial was observed.Keywords:
Biomaterial
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This presentation aims at giving an overview picture of the potential of Ca-aluminate as biomaterial. Identified possible applications for Ca-aluminate based materials are within vertebroplasty and odontology. An additional field of interest is as an implant coating material. Ca-aluminate with oxide particles as well as Ca-aluminate with glass particles were examined concerning handling and mechanical properties, biocompatibility and bioactivity. For both orthopaedic and dental injectable CA-pastes the working time of 4 minutes and the setting time about 10 minutes are achievable. The fracture toughness was determined to be in the range 0.5-1.0 MPam 1,2 and the compressive strength in the interval 150-250 MPa depending on selected w/c ratio, and the flexural strength above 50 MPa. The hardness is about 100 HV, and Young's modulus 10-15 GPa. The hydrates formed are in the size range of 20-50 nm. In hard tissue the Ca-aluminate based materials form a chemical interface totally closing the gap between the biomaterial and the surrounding tissue. Two features contribute to this sealing of interfaces; first the general dissolution of Ca-aluminate and precipitation of nanosize hydrates in micro-voids between particles and tissue, and on all possible walls including tissue surfaces, and second the zone formation including possible apatite formation upon which bioactive-induced formation of new tissue including apatite formation. Thus both a pure chemical integration and a biologically induced integration contribute to sealing of biomaterial-tissue interfaces.
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