Antioxidant Activity of Extract and Fractions from Coffee arabica L. Leaves by DPPH Radical Scavenging Method
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Abstract:
The potential of antioxidant of crude ethanol extract and its fractions (water and ethyl acetate fraction) of leaves Coffee Arabica L. by 1,1-diphenyl-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging method, was investigated. The 450 g sample powder were prepared by using Soxhlet apparatus and ethanol 96% as solvent. The liquid extract was evaporated in vacuo to give ethanol crude extract. Ethanol crude extract then extracted with different organic solvents with different polarities, water, hexane and ethyl acetate to give ethyl acetate fraction and water fraction. Antioxidant activity assay used were 1,1-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) by radical scavenging method at different concentration of extract and fraction (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 µg/ml). The result of our study showed that the ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 28.2 µg/ml), compared to other, water fraction (IC50 82.8 µg/ml) and ethanol crude extract (IC50 39.7 µg/ml).Keywords:
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In this study, the leaves of Licuala spinosa were used to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid content as well as antioxidant activity of different crude extracts. The samples were extracted successively with organic solvents such as hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate respectively. The total phenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu’s assay. Chloroformcrude extract showed the highest total phenolic content (9.42± 0.06 mg GAE/g), followed by ethylacetate crude extract (8.91± 0.06 mg GAE/g) and hexane crude extract (6.78±0.26 mg GAE/g).The total flavonoid content was determined by Aluminium chloride colometric assay and expressedas QE equivalent. Chloroform crude extract showed the highest total flavonoid content (8.96 ± 0.21mg QE/g), followed by ethyl acetate crude extract (7.04 ± 0.02 mg QE/g) and hexane crude extract(3.05 ± 0.09 mg QE/g). The antioxidant activity of extracts were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picyhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. In DPPH assay, IC50 values were used to determine the antioxidant potential of the sample. The lower the IC50 value, the higher the antioxidative property. Among allthe extracts, chloroform extracts exhibited higher DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 0.032 mg /mL. BHT used as the positive control showed IC50 value of 0.089 mg/mL
Hexane
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Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of leaf and fruit of wild Bottle gourd. Methods: Successive extraction of dried material was done by soxhlet apparatus and phytochemicals such as total p..
ABTS
Trolox
Lagenaria
Condensed tannin
Tannin
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Different parts of Pistasia atlantica have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes in Iran. The aim of this study was to measurement and compare antioxidant activity and polyphenolic compounds of crude ethyl alcohol extract and four fractions of P. atlantica leaf. Crude ethyl alcohol extract of P. atlantica leaf was prepared using maceration method and subjected to fractionation with different polarity. The antioxidant potential of all these fractions was evaluated by the 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity method. The total phenolic, flavonoid, and flavonol components were measured with Folin-Ciocaltiue and Chlorid Aluminum methods. According to the radical scavenging capacity, the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 value 1.54±0.12 µg/ml, followed by the chloroform fraction with higher percent inhibition of the DPPH with 3.4±0.11 µg/ml. The results are represented relative to a reference standard, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), with IC50 value of 33.5±3.67μg/ml. Among these fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction and chloroform fraction had the highest amount of total phenolic compounds with value of 532.73 and 355.14 mg GAE/g, respectively. The results of this study showed that some fractions of P. atlantica leaf extract could be used as easily accessible source of natural antioxidants
Butylated hydroxytoluene
Maceration (sewage)
Fraction (chemistry)
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ABTS
Petroleum ether
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<p> </p><p>Red dragon fruit (<em>H. Polyrhizus</em>) is one of the the plants that has a great potential as natural antioxidant. This study tested the activity of radical scavenging of 2-2' diphenyl -1- pikril hidrazil (DPPH) in the methanol extract, as well as in the soluble and insoluble fractions of ethyl acetate of red dragon fruit peel. This research is carried out through various stages, such as: extraction and fractionation to obtain both insoluble fraction and soluble fractions of ethyl acetate. Antioxidant activity test is conducted by the method of thin layer chromatography and spectrophotometry.<strong> </strong>Antioxidant activity test, IC<sub>50 </sub>values of methanol extract, ethyl acetate soluble fraction, and insoluble fraction of ethyl acetate had been obtained consecutively as much as 241.19 µg /mL, 8.34 µg/mL, 46.84 µg/mL. The soluble fraction of ethyl acetate had greater antioxidant activity compared to the methanol extract and the insoluble fractions of ethyl acetate.</p>
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This study aimed to investigate phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of n–hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extract from lakoocha leaves. The powdered simplicia was macerated with n–hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol 96% successively, filtered, then concentrated using rotary evaporator to obtain n–hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract and ethanol extract. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity was performed against these extracts. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging method using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer at wavelength of 516 nm after incubated for 60 minutes in dark place. Quercetin was used as positive control. The result of phytochemical screening showed n-hexane extract contains steroid, ethyl acetate extract contain steroid, tannin, glycoside, flavonoid and saponin, whereas ethanol extract contain tannin, glycoside, flavonoid and saponin. The IC50 value of n–hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extract was 1062.03±1.42 ppm, 323.18±0.02 ppm and 99.23±0.07 ppm respectively, whereas for quercetin was 2.32±0.01 ppm. This study showed that ethanol extract had antioxidant activity with strong category whereas n-hexane extract and ethyl acetate extract had inactive antioxidant activity with very weak categories.
Keyword: Antioxidant Activity, DPPH, Lakoocha leaf
Phytochemical
Tannin
Hexane
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Methanolic extract of Cotinus coggyria Scop. was mixed in distilled water and partitioned first with the n-hexane, then with chloroform, then ethyl acetate and at the end with n-butanol. The phytochemical screening of plant showed presence of the phenolics, cardiac glycosides and flavonoides in large amount in the chloroform, n-butanol and ethyl acetate soluble fraction. Antioxidant activity of these four fractions and the left behind aqueous fraction was measured by four methods such as: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, ferric thiocyanate assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and total antioxidant activity. Total phenolics were also measured. Noteworthy antioxidant potential was shown by the chloroform, n-butanol and ethyl acetate soluble fraction showed. Ethyl acetate fraction showed highest % inhibition of the DPPH radical when compared with the other studied fractions i.e. 81.64 ± 1.29% inhibition of the DPPH radical at the concentration of 30 μg/ml. Its IC(50) value was found to be 15.58 ± 0.09 μg/ml, comparative to the butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), which has IC(50) value 12.6 ± 0.85μg/ml. This fraction also showed the highest lipid peroxidation inhibition (61.41 ± 1.16%), as well as highest values of FRAP (697.76 ± 1.98 μg of trolox equivalents) total antioxidant activity (1.02 ± 0.09) and total phenolic contents (229.34 ± 0.57) comparative to the other studied fractions. The chloroform and n-butanol soluble fraction also showed good results for all the studied antioxidant assays.
Butylated hydroxytoluene
Trolox
Phytochemical
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Methanolic extract of Colebrookia oppositifolia Smith. was dissolved in distilled water and partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol sequentially. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of phenolics, flavonoides and cardiac glycosides in chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fraction. The antioxidant potential of all these fractions and remaining aqueous fraction was evaluated by four methods: 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay and ferric thiocyanate assay along with determination of their total phenolics. The polar fractions showed noteworthy antioxidant potential. The results revealed that ethyl acetate soluble fraction showed the highest value of percentage inhibition of DPPH (83.43 ± 1.27) at concentration of 60 µg/ml. The IC50 of this fraction was 27.2 ± 0.23 µg/ml, relative to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), having IC50of 12.1 ± 0.92 µg/mL. It also showed highest FRAP value (172.23 ± 1.66 µg of trolox equivalents), as well as highest value of inhibition of lipid peroxidation (57.61 ± 1.1%) as compared to the studied fractions. The chloroform fraction showed highest total antioxidant activity (0.711 ± 0.031), as well as highest total phenolic contents (72.5 ± 0.34).
Key words: Colebrookia oppositifolia Smith, DPPH assay, total antioxidant activity, FRAP value, total phenolics, Inhibition of lipid peroxidation (%).
Butylated hydroxytoluene
Trolox
Phytochemical
Butylated hydroxyanisole
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In this study,Xinjiang medicinal mulberry( Morus nigra L.) branch ethanolic extract and its different organic solvent extraction fractions were used as test samples to detect and analyze the contents of total polyphenolics,total flavonoids and antioxidant activities using TLC-autography technology. The yield of petroleum ether extraction fraction,ethyl acetate extraction fraction,n-butanol extraction fraction,and residue water phase fraction was 2. 85%,27. 81%,36. 63%and 31. 02%,respectively. The antioxidant activities of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extraction fractions were significantly higher than those of n-butanol extraction fraction and residue water phase fraction. The sum of mass ratios of total polyphenolics and total flavonoids in the first two extraction fractions was 211. 75 mg /g and 764. 27 mg /g. In vitro bioactivity assay displayed that the reducing power( calculated as equivalence to vitamin C) of mul- berry branch ethanolic extract,petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extraction fractions was 58. 25,15. 63 and 202. 50 mg /g respectively,and their inhibitory concentration 50%( IC50)in scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl( DPPH) free radical was 0. 52,0. 32 and 0. 05 g /L respectively. The results demonstrated that Morus nigra L. branch ethanolic extract has strong antioxidant activity and the active substances mainly exist in petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extraction fractions.
Petroleum ether
Residue (chemistry)
Fraction (chemistry)
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The ethanolic extract of Aloe vera leaf skin was fractionated by liquid-liquid partition using hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform-ethanol and butanol. The total phenolic content of the four different fractions were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method and their antioxidant activity was essayed through some in vitro models such as the antioxidant capacity by phosphomolybdenum method, β-carotene bleaching method, radical scavenging activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay and reducing power assay. The chloroform-ethanol fraction showed the highest total phenolics (40.500 ± 0.041 µg gallic acid equivalents/g of extract), the highest scavenging activity and the greatest reducing power, followed by ethyl acetate, butanol and hexane extracts. However, the hexane fraction showed the highest antioxidant capacity (471.300 ± 0.013) and the highest antioxidant activity coefficient (AAC) by the β- carotene bleaching method.
Aloe Vera
Hexane
Carotene
Fraction (chemistry)
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