Prevalence and antibiogram of Salmonella species isolated from poultry products in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Iroha IfeanyichukwuEjikeugwu ChikaAnioketta OgonnaChidinma Stacy IrohaAjah MoniqueIkechukwu Benjamin MosesEluu StanleyNwakaeze EmmanuelAfiukwa NgoziNwuzo Agabus
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Objective: This study evaluated the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Salmonella species isolated from various poultry products including chicken meat, poultry eggs, poultry bird’s drinking water, and poultry feed. Materials and methods: A total of 79 samples comprising of chicken meat (n=20), egg shell (n=15), poultry egg contents (n=18), drinking water (n=14), and poultry feed (n=12) were bacteriologically and microscopically analyzed for the isolation of Salmonella species. Results: Overall, this study reported a high prevalence of Salmonella species (62%) from various poultry products especially in poultry (chicken) meat and poultry egg contents where the percentage occurrence of Salmonella species was 100% and 20.4% respectively. The antibiogram conducted on the Salmonella species isolated from the various poultry samples reveal that all the isolates were multi-drug resistant to more than 50% of the tested antibiotics especially to tetracycline, gentamicin, tobramycin, nitrofurantoin and imipenem. However, most of the Salmonella species were also found to be highly susceptible to ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ertapenem and ceftazidime. It was also observed in this study that the highest level of resistance to the tested antibiotics was recorded in Salmonella species isolated from poultry meat samples. Conclusion: Salmonellosis due to the consumption of contaminated or infected poultry products could pose serious public health problem to the general public if allowed. Thus, poultry farms and other poultry product outlets should be operated under sanitized conditions that ward-off the incidence of foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella . The use of antibiotics as growth promoting agents and prophylaxis in the production of poultry birds in this region should be discouraged – since such practices allowed drug-resistant bacteria to emerge and spread in the community. http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2016.c-172Keywords:
Poultry farming
Poultry litter
Poultry farming is one of the most efficient and dynamic branches of animal husbandry. The advantages of the poultry industry are lower prices compared to other types of meat and its high quality (white meat with low-fat and high protein content). The article presents the results of industrial and experimental studies on using a cellulose-containing natural component (diatomite) as part of litter material in poultry farms to improve sanitary conditions and reduce the negative impact on the environment. Experiment study was chosen as the main research method. The research was carried out on the territory of a poultry enterprise with a total population of 24.000 heads. The authors conclude that using a cellulose-containing natural component (modified diatomite) as part of the litter material in poultry farms allowed to reduce emissions of pollutants, thereby reducing the greenhouse effect at the level of one poultry farm.
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Salmonella carrier state (42.6%-S. enteritidis and 34.4%-S. dublin) was demonstrated in subjects after acute salmonellosis as well as in healthy persons infected with salmonella as a result of occupational exposure to poultry (8.8% in humans exposed to chickens and 6.1% in those exposed to ducks) and sheep (2.8%). The carrier state was accompanied by intermittent pain in the epigastrium, diminished appetite, diarrhoea etc. Most of the carrier subjects with a history of salmonellosis exhibited, upon rectoromanoscopy, a varying degree of proctosigmoiditsi. The etiological role of S. typhimurium was proved beyond doubt, as well as its ability to cause salmonellosis outbursts, sporadic cases of the disease and the carrier state. When large industrial facilities specializing in poultry processing were investigated, the salmonella carrier state was revealed in practically healthy poultry--in 16% of chickens and 12% of ducks. The salmonella organisms isolated from carrier persons had, with some exceptions, typical properties, being virulent in that they caused death of experimental animals, seeded their internal organs and induced pathogenicity-associated enzymes. Multiple resistance to antibiotics was demonstrated in salmonella isolated from poultry; also determined was its plasmid nature. Pronounced resistance of the above salmonella subtypes to tetracycline-related antibiotics and streptomycin may be due to the fact that these drugs are used in poultry raising.
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Abstract In this study, antibiotic resistance and virulence genes and clonal relationships among Escherichia coli isolates from poultry litter and healthy poultry were investigated on a farm with previous outbreak of avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) colisepsis, in order to establish a system for evaluating management practice and antibiotic use on poultry farms.
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In India, the poultry industry is growing at a faster rate. The increase in the demand for chicken meat and eggs has led to the faster growth of the poultry industry. Poultry farms are largely located in rural areas which face scarcity of power. The energy requirements of poultry farms or the poultry industry can be met by utilizing the energy content of the chicken litter through energy conversion technologies. The fluidized bed gasification technique is right choice to utilize chicken litter as energy source. In this paper, a discussion on gasification of chicken litter for different proportions of rice husk is made and was found that the blend of 30% RH and 70% CL was found to yield best quality producer gas.
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The analysis of literary sources concerning the relevance of studying and laboratory research of litter materials in modern poultry farming is carried out. It was found that litter is not only an accumulation of pollutants, a nutrient medium for the existence of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, but can carry increasing emissions of harmful gases such as ammonia, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide in the event of a breach of the technology of poultry breeding, thus, causing a negative impact on both the poultry and the personnel of the poultry enterprises. The research confirms the effectiveness of the use of emulsions of essential oils against pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms present in litter materials of broiler production. This method in the future will allow to abandon harmful for the environment chemical means of processing of poultry waste.Aim. Сarry out chemical and microbiological analysis of litter, investigate the bactericidal properties of essential oils.Materials and methods. The research was carried out at the enterprises of broiler production in the Kiev region. The chemical composition and microbiological studies of litter were conducted at the «Ukrainian laboratory of quality and safety of agricultural products» and the microbiological laboratory of the Department of Ecology Ltd. "Complex Agromars" according to DSTU ISO 11885:2005 and DSTU 30726-2002. For study of bactericidal properties of essential oils according to DSTU 50474-93.Results of research. At the initial stage of growing the poultry with the help of laboratory studies it was discovered that in the samples of litter humidity was 22,1 % and the amount of dry matter – 77,9 %. At the final stage of growing the poultry as a result of microbiological research only one sample is the presence of lactose-positive intestinal sticks in 1 g litter less than 3, which indicates its proper sanitary condition. In all samples of the studied litter there is no pathogenic microorganism of the genus Salmonella. It was investigated the bactericidal effect of 9 emulsions of essential oils in concentration of 0,5 and 1 % against microorganisms of E. coli and P. vulgaris.Conclusions. As a result of the chemical analysis of the litter, there was shown the presence of not only chemical elements, impurities (wood sawdust and quicklime), but also the presence of organic matter in the form of crude fat, crude fiber, unsaturated extractives and amino acids with different percentages.It has been shown that in samples of litter of broiler production, there is no pathogenic microorganism of the genus Salmonella, this testifies to the high quality of products and the satisfactory epidemiological and sanitary state of the investigated poultry enterprise.Ther was detected the bactericidal effect of 7 of the 9 emulsions of essential oils studied as antibacterial preparations of a wide spectrum of action with a concentration of solution of 0.5 and 1 %
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In India, the poultry industry is growing at a faster rate. The increase in the demand for chicken meat and eggs has led to the faster growth of the poultry industry. Poultry farms are largely located in rural areas which face scarcity of power. The energy requirements of poultry farms or the poultry industry can be met by utilizing the energy content of the chicken litter through energy conversion technologies. The fluidized bed gasification technique is right choice to utilize chicken litter as energy source. In this paper, a discussion on gasification of chicken litter for different proportions of saw dust is made and was found that the blend of 30% SD and 70% CL was found to yield best quality producer gas.
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The present study was conducted in the Division of Livestock Production and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry (SKUAST- Kashmir) to assess the Salmonella count changes in the poultry farm waste different seasons of fermentation. Poultry farm waste in the form of poultry carcass (dead birds) and poultry litter was selected for this purpose. Nine treatment recipes formulated for fermentation were: T1:Poultry carcass + Poultry litter, T2:Poultry carcass + Poultry litter + Lactobacillus @ 1.0 per cent T3:Poultry carcass + Poultry litter + Lactobacillus @ 0.5 per cent T4: Poultry carcass + Poultry litter + Yeast @1.0 per cent T5: Poultry carcass + Poultry litter + Yeast @ 0.5 per cent T6: Poultry carcass + Poultry litter + Lactobacillus @ 1per cent + Yeast @ 0.5per cent T7: Poultry carcass + Poultry litter + Lactobacillus @ 1per cent + Yeast @ 1per cent T8: Poultry carcass + Poultry litter + Lactobacillus @ 0.5per cent + Yeast @ 0.5per cent T9: Poultry carcass + Poultry litter + Lactobacillus @ 0.5per cent + Yeast @ 1 per cent. At initial stage the overall highest Salmonella count of 8.58 log10cfu was observed in T2. At final stage, the significantly (P<0.05) highest Salmonella count of 1.08log10cfu/g was observed T1 (control group) and non-detectable Salmonella count was observed in all other treatments (except T3 and T4) during winter season. Similarly during summer season significantly (P<0.05) highest and lowest Salmonella count of 1.08 log10cfu/g in was observed in treatment group T1 (control group) and non-detectable (ND) levels of Salmonella count was observed in all other treatments. There was a drastic reduction in the Salmonella count from initial to secondary stage of composting during both the seasons. It was concluded that fermentation significantly reduces Salmonella bacteria in the poultry farm waste to give a secure and safe end product.
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The poultry industry is an essential part of the region's economy in western Arkansas and eastern Oklahoma. With poultry production has come large amounts of poultry litter to the region. Some suggest excess nutrients from poultry litter have negatively affected water, lowering its usefulness for recreational purposes. This conflict has put the poultry industry at the heart of environmental litigation in the region. The purpose of this paper was to examine, first, the economic contributions of the poultry industry in the region and, second, the potential economic costs associated with meeting water quality standards by reducing the amount of poultry litter produced. Results show that the poultry industry as a whole supports over 34,000 jobs in the northern economic region of the study area and nearly 15,500 jobs in the central region. Results also indicate that the economic activity in the northern region could decrease by around 2% and by over 3% in the central region due to regulations on the use of poultry litter. These results are useful for those interested in the economic contribution of the poultry industry to the region, including poultry integrators and producers as well as to policymakers looking to balance environmental quality and economic development.
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