Skin-propagated vibration for roughness and textures
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Abstract:
We perceive tactile sensations on the basis of vibration elicited on our skin. The skin vibration involves fingertip's skin properties of each person. Therefore, measurement of the skin vibration might be useful for quantitative evaluation of subjective tactile sensations. In this paper, we conducted the experiment for various roughness and textures with a wearable skin vibration sensor to investigate the relationship between the sensor output and roughness or textures. The sensor can detect skin-propagated vibration elicited by rubbing an object. We calculated power spectral density of skin vibration from the sensor output. The resulting output was discussed in aspects of roughness rating, texture identification and subjective tactile perception. The results showed that the sensor has a potential of quantitative rating of roughness by the intensity, and both the intensity and the center of frequency of sensor outputs are available to identify textures.Keywords:
Tactile sensor
Rubbing
Texture (cosmology)
Abstract Rubbing Mura in fringe field switching liquid crystal display (FFS LCD) was thoroughly analyzed in this paper. We investigated the influences of rubbing parameters and the properties of polyimide (PI) layer and rubbing cloth. Accordingly, mechanism of rubbing Mura was clarified. Provably, it can significant improve rubbing Mura that using cellulose‐based cloth to rub the PI with the potency of high retardation. Afterwards, as a result of the new rubbing method, the defect of Zara particle was further analyzed and effectively solved.
Rubbing
Mura
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Alignment failure sometimes occurs during the rubbing process because the rubbing cloth comes in direct contacts with the surface of the alignment film. A number of researches observed and evaluated the surface of the alignment film after the rubbing process had been reported. The real-time rubbing process has not been observed directly yet, though. In this study, the movement of the piles of the rubbing cloth during the rubbing process was observed with a high-speed camera. Furthermore, the relationship between the rubbing scratch on the alignment films and the movement of the pile was investigated. It was found that the movement of the pile affected the rubbing scratches.
Rubbing
Scratch
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Coefficleats of static friction were determined for mild steel rubbing on mild steel, Ti RC 130B on mild steel, Ti RC 130-B rubbing on U, U rubbing on U, Be rubbing on U and Le rubbing on Ti for both statically and dynamically applied loads. Normal rubbing pressures range between 1500 and 12,000 psi for statically applied loads and between 12,000 psi and 21,000 psi for dynamically applied loads. Coefficients of kinetic friction have been determined between varlous metals for rubbing speeds between 30 and 50 fps and rubbing pressures of 1600 to 3,000 psi. (auth)
Rubbing
Static friction
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Abstract— For the rubbing process, there have been several problems, especially scratching, disclination, and light leakage that increases the black luminance of a panel because the alignment of the liquid crystals might not be uniform due to a fluctuation in the fine‐rubbing direction. To investigate the basic causes of these problems, several experiments concerning the characteristics of the rubbing cloth and the pattern structures on an LCD substrate were carried out. A new mechanism regarding the interaction between the rotation of filaments on the rubbing cloth and the structure of patterns on the IPS‐LCD substrate is proposed. There is a correlation between the filament's rubbing direction and the pattern angle of the substrate. A new rubbing method based on two types of rubbing cloths were introduced to improve the rubbing density. As a result, it was determined that the black luminance was relatively reduced by using this method compared with that of conventional rubbing processes.
Rubbing
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Abstract In order to improve the stability of the rubbing process, the authors have employed a new parameter — the amount of frictional work W — as a rubbing controlling parameter instead of rubbing strength L which has been used in the past. The applicability of this new parameter to control the surface alignment properties of liquid crystal is experimentally confirmed. The relationship between surface alignment properties, including anchoring energy (azimuthal direction) and pretilt angle, and rubbing condition parameters is investigated, and it is proven that by using the amount of frictional work, anchoring energy and pretilt angle under various rubbing conditions can be summarized uniformly. It is also shown that differences in anchoring energy as a result of using different kinds of rubbing cloth can be cancelled by using the amount of frictional work as a reference parameter.
Rubbing
Anchoring
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Abstract We proposed a new mechanism of interaction between rotation of filaments in the rubbing cloth and structure of patterns on the substrate. Using this mechanism, we introduced a new method of rubbing which uses two kinds of rubbing cloths to improve the rubbing density. And we obtained that black luminance decrease.
Rubbing
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When discussing the issue of rub impact of rotor system,the effect of nonlinear rub-impact force is needed to be considered.Modeling and numerical simulation were carried out by using the nonlinear rubbing force based on Hertz contact theory,and the dynamic responses of fault rotor system under the different rubbing stiffness was researched.Through the analysis it was found that,when the rubbing stiffness is large,the result simulated by using Hertz contact theory rubbing force model has stronger nonlinear,and the more obvious rubbing feature,compared to the rubbing model of linear stiffness.It is beneficial to determine the occurrence of rubbing.Combined with relevant experimental results,the correctness of the Hertz rubbing model and the feasibility of applying it in rubbing rotor system modeling were verified.
Rubbing
Hertz
Helicopter rotor
Contact Theory
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Experimental Study on Rubbing Acoustic Emission for Rotor-Bearing System Based on Parameter Analysis
Rubbing between the rotor and the stator is the frequent fault and will cause very serious accident, even catastrophe, to rotating machinery. Therefore, timely detection of such rubbing is very important avoid severe consequences. Vibration based methods are very mature and traditional methods but not effective to detect incipient rubbing in rotating machinery. Rubbing between the rotor and the stator will cause elastic strain in the rubbing location and thus can produce acoustic emission (AE). Apparently, such AE contains direct and abundant information about the rubbing and can be used to detect and diagnose such fault effectively. In this paper, the AE based method is proposed for detecting and identifying the rubbing of the rotor-bearing system. An experimental study is presented to investigate the characteristics and features of rubbing AE using parameter analysis method. The results show that AE is very sensitive to the rubbing and AE parameters can reveal the characteristics and features of rubbing AE. Parameter analysis demonstrates that rubbing AE contains multiple modals, which will attenuate with propagation by negative exponent manner.
Rubbing
Acoustic Emission
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We have investigated the alignment properties of liquid crystals induced by multiple rubbing of the surfaces in different directions. Experiments were carried out using homeotropic and hybrid-aligned samples. It is experimentally found that the alignment of the liquid crystals is along neither of the rubbing directions, but instead lies along an axis intermediate between these two directions, and that the direction depended on the relative strength of rubbing along the two axes. A model that assumed the grooves along two rubbing directions is proposed, and the relation between the orientation of the liquid crystal and the relative rubbing strength is analyzed. We found that this model can explain the observed experimental results.
Rubbing
Homeotropic alignment
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The alignment film abrasion caused by the rubbing process was quantitatively evaluated via atomic-force microscopy (AFM). First, a patterned alignment film structure, which was molded through the imprint method, was artificially formed. Then, the surface topography of the alignment film was evaluated via AFM after rubbing, and the degree of abrasion of the alignment film was estimated by subtracting the value after rubbing from the value before rubbing. It was recognized that the degree of abrasion increased with an increase in the rubbing strength. The relationship between the number of rubbing cycles and the degree of abrasion of the alignment film was also estimated.
Rubbing
Abrasion (mechanical)
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