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    Abstract This is the first of a three part series describing the clinical issues surrounding the radiographic assessment of the cervical spine. Defined in this literature review is the working definition of cervical stability. Described are the “normal” anatomical relationships between the cervical vertebrae for both the adult and the child, as portrayed by lateral radiographs. Also presented is a review of available documentation regarding the normal segmental function of the vertebrae in the upper and in the lower cervical spine. The next two parts in this series will deal with the definitions and radiographic evaluation of cervical hypermobility and instability respectively.
    Hypermobility (travel)
    Citations (2)
    Objective. To perform 3D biomechanical analysis of spine deformity and relevant anatomical structures in children. Material and Methods. A total of 37,000 children and adolescents aged from 7 to 17 years were screened for multiplane spinal deformity. Screening was performed using computer optic topography. Deformity was assessed with topographical criterion. Results. The coronal plane deformity was detected in 4,230 (11.4 %), sagittal — in 2,048 (5.5 %), and horizontal — in 1,072 (2.9 %) patients. Out of all children with detected pathology, 68.1 % had single plane deformity, 26.6 % — two-plane, and 5.3 % — three-plane deformity. Pathogenesis of multiplane deformities was considered. Seven variants of spinal deformity were identified. Conclusion. In children, as a rule, the deformity under 10° has a single-plane character and more than 10° degree — a multiplane one. Multiplane deformities cause changes in topography of all anatomical structures, which ultimately results in deformity of locomotor system as a whole.
    Spinal Deformity
    Spinous process
    Citations (0)
    Objective To analyze the value of image post-processing techniques of 320-slice CT and MRI in diagnosing congenital spinal deformity.Methods 16 children who was sufferred by congenital spinal deformity were learned by retrospective and comparative analysis.Results Spinal deformity is an complex 3D deformity.It cannot be seen clearly by plain film radiography.320-slice CT and MRI can show the variation distribution,variation and pathological changes of canalis spinalis.Conclusions Image post-processing techniques of 320-slice CT and MRI is important for diagnosing congenital spinal deformity,examination before operation is necessary.The iconography is helpful for the formulation of surgical programme.
    Spinal Deformity
    Citations (0)
    Spinal deformity is a kind of three dimensional deformity.X-ray and conventional CT can not display accuratelly the deformity of their very complicated osteal structure,but post-processing technique of spinal CT can provide actual evidence for diagnosing of spinal deformity.The purpose of this article is to introduce the application of post-processing technique of MPR,CPR and VRT,the employment of this technique can accurate diagnosis and evaluation of the disease in pre-and post-operation.
    Spinal Deformity
    Spinal disease
    Spinal trauma
    Citations (0)
    Objective. To perform 3D biomechanical analysis of spine deformity and relevant anatomical structures in children. Material and Methods. A total of 37,000 children and adolescents aged from 7 to 17 years were screened for multiplane spinal deformity. Screening was performed using computer optic topography. Deformity was assessed with topographical criterion. Results. The coronal plane deformity was detected in 4,230 (11.4 %), sagittal in 2,048 (5.5 %), and horizontal -in 1,072 (2.9 %) patients. Out of all children with detected pathology, 68.1 % had single plane deformity, 26.6 % two-plane, and 5.3 % three-plane deformity. Pathogenesis of multiplane deformities was considered. Seven variants of spinal deformity were identified. Conclusion. In children, as a rule, the deformity under 10° has a single-plane character and more than 10° degree a multiplane one. Multiplane deformities cause changes in topography of all anatomical structures, which ultimately results in deformity of locomotor system as a whole.
    Spinal Deformity
    Citations (0)
    Spinal deformity can be treated by operation.But for the sake of reducing the severity of the preoperative deformity,decreasing the incidence of intraoperative complications,improving the postoperative reshaping of deformity,traction is still one of the common assistant treatments for spinal deformity,especially severe spinal deformity in the process of clinical treatment.The effectiveness of traction is closely related to the severity of the deformity.Lots of researches have been reported about how traction should be applied and its curative effect.But there are still controversies in traction mode selection,traction time,traction weight,and traction effectiveness.
    Spinal Deformity
    Citations (0)