Epidemiological and Temporal Analysis of Leprosy in
Karen KrystineGonçalves de BritoEmanuelle MalzacFreire SantanaSuellen Duarte de Oliveira MatosIraktânia Vitorino DinizElizabeth SouzaSilva de AguiarKamila NethiellySouza LeiteValéria Peixoto BezerraMirian Alves da SilvaAna PaulaMarques Andrade de SouzaSimone HelenaMaria JúliaGuimarães Oliveira Soares
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Background: Leprosy is endemic in Brazil, while the number of diagnosed cases of the disease has made considerable decrease since the implementation of treatment with multidrug therapy. The objective of this research, analyze time trends in sociodemographic and clinicalepidemiological profile of leprosy in Paraiba, in the 2001-2011 period, and identify differences between the epidemiological trends within the period.Keywords:
Mycobacterium leprae
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Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae infection. The incubation period after the primary infection can be as long as decades. This bacterium has a tropism for macrophages and Schwann cells and as result neuropathies are frequent. The state of Rio Grande do Norte in northeastern Brazil has areas of low and high endemicity for leprosy. The aim of this study was to analyze a leprosy time series from Rio Grande do Norte, from 2005 to 2014, based on data provided by the Notifiable Diseases Information System from the State Secretariat of Health. This was a quantitative, descriptive and analytical study. We considered variables such as sex, age, clinical form, operational classification and disability grade at diagnosis. There were 3,426 cases of leprosy reported of which 1,781 were females (52%). Of those patients, 29% presented disability at diagnosis. The high level of disability in patients along with the lack of information regarding disability levels indicates the need for more effective measures, with early diagnosis to decrease morbidity as leprosy still remains as a serious public health problem.
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ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to describe the epidemiological and spatial aspects of leprosy of the schoolchildren participating in the National Leprosy Campaign in the municipality of Sobral, Ceará, in the year 2016. This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study with spatial analysis of secondary data obtained in the records instruments used in the Campaign (self-image files), with public school schoolchildren from five to fourteen years old. From this population a sample was taken to be studied from the calculation of a standard error limit of 5%, confidence level of 99.99% and an expected frequency of 50%, resulting in 1,216 students, corresponding to 19.7% of a total of 6,169 schoolchildren who returned the completed self-indexed records. A descriptive analysis was performed for all the variables of interest of the study object and for the spatial analysis the QGIS program 2.18 was used. Of the 1,216 schoolchildren participating in the study, 31.7% had body spots and 18.1% (220/1126) of the total number of schoolchildren had leprosy cases in the study. Of the 1,216 students in the study, 31.7% (386/1). Among the schoolchildren with spots on the body, 6.2% (75/1126) reported having cases of leprosy in the family, 59.3% (195/329) are birthmarks, 20.7% Among children with spots suspected of leprosy (39.2%, 129/329), they were found to be dormant (9.3%) (31/329) and 10.6% (35/329) The strategies for the screening of new suspected leprosy cases developed through campaigns helped to mobilize around the epidemiological situation of leprosy, facilitating the dissemination of information to leprosy patients. the population on the recognition of signs and symptoms, treatment and cure of leprosy. AUTHOR SUMMARY Leprosy is an infectious and contagious, chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae), which has high infectivity and low pathogenicity. Brazil is part of the group of three countries responsible for 80.2% of all new cases registered in the world in 2017 and in the Region of the Americas contributed with 92.3% of new cases. The National Leprosy Campaign aims to find new cases of leprosy in children 5 (five) to 14 years of age. Sobral, a city of Ceará, with high disease burden, has been joining the campaign every year since 2013. This study describes the epidemiological and spatial aspects of leprosy of students participating in the National Leprosy Campaign in the municipality of Sobral, Ceará, in 2016. Strategies for screening new suspected leprosy cases developed through Campaigns, in addition to contributing to the identification of new cases in the community, promote a mobilization around the epidemiological disease situation and dissemination of information to the population on the recognition of signs and symptoms, treatment and cure of leprosy.
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Objective To analyze epidemiological trends of leprosy in Jiangsu Province and provide the scientific basis for formulating the strategies aiming at eradication of leprosy. Methods Leprosy records and the relevant data were used for the analysis. Results Jiangsu Province is a former leprosy- endemic area where leprosy was prevalent in 100％ of counties/cities or 90.9％ of townships with an uneven distribution of the disease in the past. Leprosy control was initiated in 1950s in Jiangsu Province. Through efforts for near 50 years, a lot of leprosy patients were cured and the prevalence, incidence and detection rates have decreased to less than 0.5 per 100 000 population. There was no leprosy in children in the past 3 years. Conclusion By the end of 1998, there had been 307 active leprosy cases. Jiangsu Province has achieved the basic elimination of leprosy in terms of county and passed the evaluation of Ministry of Health.
Christian ministry
Disease Control
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BACKGROUND: Leprosy is endemic in Brazil, while the number of diagnosed cases of the disease has made considerable decrease since the implementation of treatment with multidrug therapy. The objective of this research, analyze time trends in sociodemographic and clinical-epidemiological profile of leprosy in ParaÃba, in the 2001-2011 period, and identify differences between the epidemiological trends within the period. METHODS: Epidemiological study of time, retrospective and documentary based series, produced using secondary data and Notification Diseases Information System. RESULTS: They evaluated data on 10.476 Sheets Notification single, between the years 2001-2011, based on descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed statistically significant differences between the two areas evaluated time, starting with the suggestive reduction of 42.7% of cases in P2 (2007-2011), although this timeline, the clinical characterization refers to the most serious states or late leprosy. CONCLUSION: Leprosy remains a relevant epidemiological dilemma, especially in view of the increase in the proportion of MB cases, glimpsed for the period studied.
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Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease with permanent complications that mainly affect the skin, peripheral nerves, mucosal surfaces of the upper respiratory tract, and eyes. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology and trends of leprosy in Iran from 2005 to 2015.This was a cross-sectional study analyzing leprosy records from the Center for Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, during 2005-2015.Of the 433 cases of leprosy diagnosed from 2005 to 2014, 87.1% were Iranian, and 56.2% of the Iranian cases were male. Furthermore, 82.5% of cases were multibacillary. The paucibacillary leprosy cases had a better remission rate in most years of the study. The annual prevalence and case detection rates of leprosy (per 100,000 population) significantly decreased in Iran between 2005 and 2015: from 0.2 to 0.02 and from 0.11 in 2005 to 0.02, respectively. The geographical distribution of leprosy cases in 2014 showed that leprosy is more common in the west, north, northwest, and south of Iran.Although Iran is currently an area in which leprosy is not a serious problem, new cases of leprosy are still diagnosed in Iran. Considering that Iran is attempting to eradicate the disease, careful attention to all aspects of the disease is essential.
Christian ministry
Mycobacterium leprae
Communicable disease
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Incidence of leprosy in Italy has declined steadily over the last century, but available evidence remains fragmentary. Our review aims to summarize available data on the epidemiology of leprosy cases in Italy.The following keywords were used to explore PubMed and Embase: leprosy, Hansen's disease, (Mycobacterium) leprae, Italy, without any chronological restriction.We identified a total of 39 reports, including 7 national reports, 11 international reports, 20 case reports. Notified leprosy cases were: 839 between 1925 and 1948; 434 between 1955 and 1979; 76 cases for the decade 1980-1989; 112 between 1990 and 1999; 62 between 2000 and 2009, and a total of 25 cases since 2009. Since 2003, 53% of all cases occurred in illegal residents. Focusing on individual cases, latency between early signs/symptoms and a proper diagnosis ranged between 2 and 20 years in 52.1% of individual cases.Imported cases of leprosy are responsible for most leprosy incidence in Italy, and social stigma, the unfamiliarity of healthcare professionals with such disorders, and difficulties of some high-risk groups to be appropriately assessed hint to a possible under-diagnosis. Professionals should be made more aware of the potential for leprosy incidence among patients from countries where the disease is endemic.
Mycobacterium leprae
Social stigma
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Hansen's disease, also known as leprosy, is an infectious disease still prevalent in Brazil. It is a chronic illness with acute immunological phenomena known as leprosy reactions. In the Federal District of Brazil, the University Hospital of Brasília is the reference centre for leprosy care. The study aimed to characterize the clinical and epidemiological profile of Hansen's disease patients at the University Hospital of Brasília, by descriptive, retrospective analysis of 1,124 patients over the period from 1985 to 2005. The pattern of leprosy in this study demonstrated that type 2 leprosy reactions were common, especially in the lepromatous form and presented a direct correlation with the bacilloscopic index. The prevalence and frequency of severe complications, such as leprosy reactions, emphasize the importance of the ongoing study of leprosy and the need for continual improvement in the scope of knowledge concerning its treatment.
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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of new cases of leprosy between 1993 and 2012 in Bozhou City,to understand the epidemic situation of leprosy in the Bozhou City after basic elimination of leprosy,and to provide the preventive measures and scientific basis for the future prevention of leprosy. Methods The epidemiological characteristics of 27 cases of leprosy between 1993 and 2012 in Bozhou city were analyzed,and descriptive analysis was performed by using discovery rate,incidence,prevalence,and etc. Results 27 new leprosy cases were found between 1993 and 2012. The average annual discovery rate was 0.13 / 10 million and the sex ratio was 3.50∶1. The average age was 37.29,and the average delay of diagnosis was 40.52 months. The ratio of multibacillary leprosy(MB) and paucibacillary leprosy(PB)was 12.50 ∶1. Conclusions The level of leprosy epidemic was not significant decline after the launching of leprosy program.It is considered as a low level of epidemic.Adoption of comprehensive prevention and control measures,early detection and early treatment of leprosy patients should beconsideredin the future control of leprosy.
Mycobacterium leprae
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