Guiding Principles for Countering and Displacing Extremist Narratives
Alejandro J. BeutelStevan WeineAliya SaeedAida MihajlovicAndrew StoneJohn O. BeahrsStephen B. Shanfield
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Abstract:
U.S. policymakers consider countering and displacing extremist narratives to be a core strategy of countering violent extremism. The rise of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), which uses highly sophisticated messaging to reach U.S. young persons, has further emphasized the need for this strategy. However, to date there has been little discussion of principles to guide the practice of countering and displacing extremist narratives. Drawing upon a growing body of theory, empirical evidence, and practical experience from across several disciplines, this article suggests principles to guide both developing the content of new narratives and delivering new narratives.Keywords:
Violent extremism
Empirical evidence
Recent studies indicate that the number of terrorist incidents is declining while their lethality is increasing. This trend in casualty rates has raised the rhetoric on terrorism, leading to claims that a new form of terrorism has emerged over the last thirty years. The "new terrorism" is defined by a tendency towards maximum destruction and a pronounced religious motivation. The question is whether or not the new terrorism is actually driving current trends in terrorist violence? This study examines casualty rates by terrorist groups categorized by their ideologies and finds that trends in terrorist violence are not being driven by the new terrorism per se. Instead, all forms of terrorism are more violent generally, and variations of ethno-national terrorism are the most violent specifically.
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Phenomenon
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This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Definitions of Terrorism Terrorist Behavior Financial Support for Terrorism Terrorist Strategies and Profiles Kidnapping Issues Preventing Terrorism Building Protection Web Sites with Additional Information on Terrorism Summary Discussion Questions References
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The paper explores the main aspects of terrorism, particularly: Definition of terrorism, the history of terrorism, maintypes of terrorism and the basic methods used by the Terrorist Organizations.
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Acknowledgements Introduction 1 The meaning of terrorism 2 Contemporary terrorism: the Middle East, Africa and Asia 3 Contemporary terrorism: Europe and the Americas 4 Motives for terrorism 5 Terrorism and religion 6 Fanatics and martyrs 7 Terrorist methods 8 Future types of terrorism 9 Counter-terrorism: the piecemeal approach 10 Terrorism: international efforts to deal with it Where to find out more
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Research in the field of countering violent extremism (CVE) has grown significantly in the last few decades. This research project contributes to the CVE literature by studying narratives as tools of reflections on self-identity designed intentionally within gaming exercises to help contextualize and account for as much environmental complexity as possible. This paper provides theoretical understandings of narratives (and their role in our lives), discusses narratives as they relate to violent extremist ideologies, and proposes how narrative reflections may serve as a deradicalization tool within cooperative games. Additionally, this article highlights elements of narrative reflection within current CVE resources and provides a list of exercises (games) that can be used in the field to promote narrative reflections.
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