Antibacterial Activity of Evolvulus nummularius Against Standard ATCC Gram Positive and Gram Negative Strains: Studies on MIC, MBC, Growth Curve Analysis and ROS Generation
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A method for demonstrating gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria is described. It is similar to the Brown-Brenn method and Taylor's modification of the Brown-Brenn method for bacteria. Its main advantages are that (1) gram-negative bacteria are better demonstrated; (2) the use of ether, a potential laboratory hazard, is eliminated from the staining procedure; and (3) the staining time required for the procedure is considerably reduced.
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Withania somnifera is an important medicinal plant used in ayurvedic system of medicine since ancient times.The plant have potential to treat arthritis and rheumatism diseases so attention has been drawn to study antibacterial activity of the plant to challenge on antibacterial resistant pathogens.Four solvent extracts from leaves of withania somnifera tested against four test human pathogens viz., Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli.
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Manometric, spectrophotometric, photomicrographic and quantitative biochemical techniques were employed to determine the morphological and physiological effects of 2,4-D on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The growth and motility of Gram-positive bacteria appeared to be more adversely affected than the growth and motility of Gram-negative species. The terminal oxidation, lysis, and chain length of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria did not appear to be affected by the concentrations used. The average cell size of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was observed to increase after exposure to 1000 ppm 2,4-D. The normal leakage of amino acid and ultraviolet light absorbing cell constituents appeared to be retarded by 1000 ppm 2,4-D.
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Bacillus (shape)
Strain (injury)
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Gram-Negative Bacteria
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Amino sugar
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Gram-Negative Bacteria
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A rapid nonstaining (KOH) method for the determination of the Gram reactions of bacteria is described, and its application to marine isolates is discussed. All gram-positive and gram-negative results obtained by Gram staining were confirmed by the KOH method. Gram-variable bacteria produced equivocal results.
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Marine bacteriophage
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