Multi-ionic lithium salts for use in solid polymer electrolytes for lithium batteries
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Abstract Today, there is an urgent demand to develop all solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with a high energy density and a high degree of safety. The core technology in solid‐state batteries is a solid‐state electrolyte, which determines the performance of the battery. Among all the developed solid electrolytes, composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) have been deemed as one of the most viable candidates because of their comprehensive performance. In this review, the limitations of traditional solid polymer electrolytes and the recent progress of CPEs are introduced. The effect and mechanism of inorganic fillers to the various properties of electrolytes are discussed in detail. Meanwhile, the factors affecting ionic conductivity are intensively reviewed. The recent representative CPEs with synthetic fillers and natural clay‐based fillers are highlighted because of their great potential. Finally, the remaining challenges and promising prospects are outlined to provide strategies to develop novel CPEs for high‐performance LIBs.
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This chapter presents the structure and operation of lithium ion batteries since lithium technology exhibits the highest capacity. Numerous materials have been used as the anode for batteries such as carbon, silicon, LiTi4O5, and Li2SnO3, while LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, LiNiO2, LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, and LiFePO4 as the cathode. In the case of electrolyte, several polymers have been applied as the polymer host including PEO, PMMA, PVA, PAN, and PVdF in a solid or gel form. Improvement to the electrolytes have been made with the addition of plasticizers, fillers, and ionic liquids. The lithium ion batteries can be benchmarked using specific capacitance, specific energy, cyclability, and discharging and charging rates. Criteria to measure battery performance also include charging time, energy density, size, and weight of a battery. Several discoveries that are being developed include the dual carbon or dual graphite battery, lithium–air battery, lithium–silicon battery, lithium battery, and irvine battery.
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Depleting fossil fuels has put pressing need for the search of alternative energy resources. Solar and wind energy resources are being considered one of the viable solutions. However, these intermittent sources require efficient energy storage systems in terms of rechargeable Li batteries. In Li batteries, electrolyte is one of the most important components to determine the performance, as it conducts the ions between the electrodes. In battery, mostly liquid electrolyte is used as it shows high ionic conductivity and electrode/electrolyte contact which help to reduce the internal resistance. But these are not electrochemically very stable and raised some major problems such as reactivity with electrode, dissolution of electrode ions, leakage, volatility, fast Li dendrite growth, etc. Therefore, in order to improve its electrochemical performance, selection of electrolyte is an important issue. In the present study, ionic liquid (IL)-based polymer electrolyte is used over liquid electrolyte in which IL acts as a plasticizer and improves ionic conductivity and amorphicity. These electrolytes have high thermal and electrochemical stability, therefore, can be used in high voltage Li battery. Also, their mechanical stability helps to suppress Li dendrites growth. Therefore, polymer electrolytes can open a new way in the progression of battery application.
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Polymer Electrolytes
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Polymer Electrolytes
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