Studies on genetic variability and correlation for fruit yield and fruit quantity characters of okra
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Abstract:
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is a most common vegetable crop cultivated for its tender, nutritive fruits.It is well adopted suitable for cultivation all round the year for providing continuous income to the farmer.An experiment was conducted to study the genetic variability and correlation in okra, involving 40 genotypes for eight important economic characters, namely days to first flowering, plant height, number of branches per plant, number of fruiting nodes, fruit length, fruit girth, fruit weight, fruit yield per plant.High PCV and GCV observed for the traits fruit girth, fruit weight, fruit yield per plant.Majority of the traits recorded high heritability.For fruit weight and fruit yield per plant, high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean were observed.The results indicated the inverse relationship between fruit weight and fruit yield per plant.Fruit yield per plant was positively and significantly correlated with fruit girth, fruit length, number of fruiting nodes, number of branches per plant and plant height, whereas, fruit yield per plant had negative and significant correlation with days to first flowering.Keywords:
Abelmoschus
Genetic Variability
Thirty genotypes of Brinjal were assessed for genetic variability of eleven characters. Highly significant differences were observed among the genotypes studied. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation was observed for flowers per cluster, fruits per cluster, per cent fruit set, fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit diameter and fruit yield per plant indicating the presence of wide variability among the genotypes for different characters. High heritability in broad sense along with high genetic advance in per cent of mean was observed for branches per plant, days to first flowering, days to fifty per cent flowering, flowers per cluster, fruits per cluster, per cent fruit set, fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit diameter and fruit yield per plant suggesting that these can be improved through direct selection due to predominance additive gene action.
Melongena
Genetic Variability
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The extent of genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance as percent of mean and correlation coefficients in respect of 12 quantitative characters in the population of cross between Byadgi chilli and bell pepper were studied. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations for number of fruits per plant (68.02 and 52.16) reported, followed by dry fruit yield per plant, fruit volume, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, plant height and fruit surface area. High heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for fruit yield per plant, average fruit weight, pericarp weight per fruit, seed weight per fruit, which could be improved by simple selection. A significant positive correlation of economic traits like number of fruits per plant, fruit weight and fruit lengths with fruit yield per plant was recorded suggesting that selection for these characters could lead to improvement in yield. Path analysis revealed that number of fruits per plant had maximum direct effects on fruit yield followed by fruit length, fruit diameter and pericarp weight. Thus emphasis should be given on these characters to improve yield potential. The traits such as fruit yield per plant, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight are important yield contributing characters and deserve due weightage, while formulating selection strategies for improvement of chilli. As high genetic variability revealed in F2 population studied, this can be effectively utilized for improving yield and component traits.
Path coefficient
Genetic Variability
Genetic correlation
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The present investigation was conducted to estimate genetic parameters such as genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), heritability and genetic advance (GA) along with correlations and path coefficients from data collected on 52 okra genotypes collected from the IIHR, Bengaluru, India. Analysis of variance indicated significant differences among the genotypes for different morphological characters. High GCV and PCV were observed for yield per plant, no. of fruits per plant, no. of seeds per fruit, where as moderate GCV and PCV was observed for average fruit weight. High heritability coupled with high GAM were observed for almost all the characters studied, except days to 50% flowering and days to 80 % maturity shows low heritability with low GAM. The yield per plant, plant height and number of seeds per fruit showed high genetic advance that helped in effective and reliable selection through these characters for crop improvement. Fruit yield per plant showed positive association with stem girth, number of branches per plant, plant height, first fruit producing node, fruit length, fruit diameter, average fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, number of seeds per fruit and 100 seed weight while, negative association with days to 50% flowering, number of locules per fruit and days to 80 % maturity. The number of fruits per plant had maximum direct effect on fruit yield per plant followed by average fruit weight. Number of branches per plant, plant height and first fruit producing node contributed to fruit yield per plant indirectly via stem girth, average fruit weight, and number of fruits per plant. Hence, number of fruits and average fruit weight are identified as key traits for developing high fruit yielding genotypes of okra for future breeding programme.
Abelmoschus
Path coefficient
Locule
Genetic Variability
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To investigate the genetic variability among 35 genotypes of brinjal, the experiment was laid out at SKL Telangana State Horticultural University, Hyderabad during Rabi 2017-18. The study revealed significant differences among all studied traits. Highly significant differences were observed among all the genotypes and characters under study indicating the presence of sufficient amount of variability in all the characters. PCV estimates were higher than their corresponding GCV for all characters studied. PCV and GCV were high for fruit weight (26.2,22.2%), fruit length (22.7, 20.8%), no. of fruit per cluster (21.3, 17.1%), fruit yield per plant (20.7, 18.9%),shoot and fruit borer infestation (18.4, 16.1%), total phenol content (18.3, 13.1%), whereas, plant height, no. of branches per plant, days to first flowering, days to 50 percent flowering, no. of flower cluster per plant, no. of flower per cluster, no. of fruits per plant, days to first harvest, days to last harvest and ascorbic acid content showed moderate PCV and GCV. The heritability estimates were high for all the characters. Expected genetic advance was observed to be high for fruit length (50.5%), fruits weight (49.5%), fruit yield per plant (45.7%), no. of fruits per plant (37.1%), shoot and fruit borer (36.9%), no. of fruits per cluster (36.3%), whereas moderate for fruit width, ascorbic acid content and no. of flower cluster per plant. Therefore, studied characters may be included in assortment criterion for improvement in fruit yield per plant and yield contributing traits.
Melongena
Genetic Variability
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The extent of genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance as per cent of mean and correlation coefficients in respect of 17 quantitative characters in 30 chilli genotypes were studied under hot arid environment. There was high phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations for red ripe fruit yield per plant (44.20 and 42.91), followed by green fruit yield per plant, weight of seeds per fruit, fruit weight and number of fruits per plant. High heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for fruit yield per plant, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, and number of seeds per fruit, which could be improved by simple selection. A significant positive correlation of economic traits like green fruit yield per plant, fruit weight, fruit diameter, number of seeds per fruit and weight of seeds per fruit with red ripe fruit yield was recorded suggesting that selection for these characters could lead to improvement in yield. Path analysis revealed that red ripe fruit weight followed by green fruit yield per plant, weight of seeds per fruit and number of branches per plant had maximum direct effects on red ripe fruit yield. Thus emphasis should be given on these characters to improve yield potential. The traits such as green and red ripe fruit yield per plant, number of fruits per plant, green and red ripe fruit weight and number of seeds per fruit are important yield contributing characters and deserve due weightage, while formulating selection strategies for improvement of chilli under arid conditions.
Path coefficient
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A field experiment was conducted at the Horticultural Research cum Instructional Farm, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.) during the rabi season in the year 2016-17. Path coefficient analysis revealed that average fruit weight, expressed highest positive direct effect on fruit yield per plant followed by yield per hectare, number of fruits per plant, days to 50% flowering, plant height, days to maturity, fruit stalk length. For genetic improvement in brinjal average fruit weight, fruit yield per plant, yield per hectare, number of fruits per plant, days to 50% flowering, plant height, days to maturity, fruit stalk length are important. The association analysis revealed that the fruit yield per plant showed significant positive correlation with number of fruit per plant, yield per hectare at genotypic and phenotypic levels and days to first flowering, average fruit weight at genotypic level only.
Hectare
Path coefficient
Melongena
Stalk
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Thirty six genotypes of pointed gourd collected from different indigenous sources were grown in Augmented Block Design II with three checks during summer-rainy season, 2015. The accessions were assessed to know the nature and magnitude of genetic variability, correlation and path analysis for different horticultural traits. The days to first fruiting ranged from 56.60 to 75.00, number of nodes at first flowering (4.49-11.82), fruit length (4.91-10.32 cm) and average fruit weight varied from 20.76 g (PPG-15) to 53.93 g (PPG-9). Wide range of variation for number of primary branches (3.99-10.19), vine length (4.24-9.93 m), fruit weight per plant (2.56-8.28 kg), fruit yield per hectare (9.54 to 31.22 t) were found in the germplasms. A narrow range of genetic differences between the PCV and GCV indicates that the traits are mostly governed by genetic factors with minimum environmental influence on the phenotypic expression of these traits. High genetic advance coupled with high heritability was found for number of fruits per plant, nodes per vine, average fruit weight and days to first female flowering suggested that there is high scope for improvement in these characters through direct phenotypic selection. Fruit weight per plant (0.99), number of fruits per plant (0.75), fruit length (0.61) and nodes per vine (0.32) were highly significant and positively correlated with the fruit yield. The genotypic path coefficient showed a direct positive effect by traits like fruit length (0.61), fruit circumference (0.38), average fruit weight (0.51), number of primary branches (0.36), nodes per vine (0.32), number of fruits per plant (0.75), fruit weight per plant (0.99) on fruit yield, whereas seed weight per fruit (-0.37) showed a direct negative effect on fruit yield.
Vine
Hectare
Path coefficient
Genetic Variability
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Economic yield attributing characters were studied in Brinjal for crop improvement through selecting high yielding characters. Significant variations were recorded among the genotypes for various yield traits studied. Fruit yield per plant observed positive and significant correlation with fruit index, number of fruits per plant, diameter of fruits, average fruit weight plant spread, primary branches per plant, plant height. Fruit yield per plant observed negative and significant correlation with, Days to first flowering, days to first fruit set, days to first fruit picking at both genotypic and phenotypic level had exhibited true association with direct effect on fruit yield per plant. The direct selection for these traits would be rewarding for crop improvement in the total fruit yield per plant.
Melongena
Path coefficient
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Twenty parental genotypes of tomato were planted and observed of yield and yield attributing traits to measure genetic variability, character association and path coefficient analysis. Parent TM 371 ranked first with respect to yield (4.73 kg fruit yield per plant) followed by TM 390. In terms of average fruit weight TM 390 also was better performer. Analysis of variance for each trait showed significant differences among the genotypes. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were recorded for fruits per plant, locule number per fruit and fruit yield per plant. Heritability was observed high for flowers per cluster, fruits per plant, fruit weight and fruit length. fruit per plant (52.30), followed by fruit weight (46.32).High heritability associated with high genetic advance was observed for fruits per plant (52.30) and fruit weight (46.32) and flower per cluster (33.50). Selection for such traits might be effective for the fruit yield improvement of tomato. Significant positive genotypic and phenotypic correlation was observed of fruits per plant, fruit weight, fruit diameter and locule number per fruit with fruit yield per plant indicated that selection strategies must be focus on these traits. Fruit diameter showed the highest positive direct effect (3.25) on fruit yield per plant followed by fruits per plant (1.54). Direct selection may be executed considering these traits as the main selection criteria to reduce indirect effect of the other characters during the development of high yielding tomato variety.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 13(1): 65-69, June 2015
Locule
Path coefficient
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The genetic progress in any breeding programme is actually dependent on the variation in the present gene pool. Eggplant being native to India has diverse indigenous germplasm that can serve as a source of parental gene pool for any breeding programme. The present investigation was therefore conducted at the Department of Horticulture (Vegetable Science), AKS University, Satna during 2018-19 utilizing 12 diverse genotypes to generate information related to their genetic control. It was found that majority of the characters were highly heritable in nature. Fruit weight, plant height, fruit length, fruit girth, fruit yield per plant and number of fruits per plant had high heritability, high GCV and high genetic advance as percentage of mean, suggesting additive gene action for control of these traits. Days to 50% flowering, number of primary branches and days to first harvest exhibited moderate amount of GCV, heritability and genetic advance as percentage of mean indicating non-additive gene action. Correlation and path analysis revealed that yield per plant was significantly positively correlated with fruit weight and fruit girth. Path coefficient analysis revealed that fruit weight and fruit girth had maximum direct positive effect on yield. Other characters like plant height and showed indirect effect mostly via fruit weight and fruit girth. It was also observed that fruit weight, fruit set percentage and number of primary branches expressed direct positive influences on yield but plant spread and petiole length had direct negative effect on yield. Therefore, fruit length, girth and weight are important characters which may be included in selection criteria for improvement in fruit yield per plant.
Germ plasm
Path coefficient
Petiole (insect anatomy)
Melongena
Epistasis
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