Kazuhiko MatsunoHiroaki NISHIYAMAHiraku MoriHiroshi MohriH NiikuraH TeradaT AkisawaMasashi SatoTerukuni IdeuraShozo Koshikawa
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The platelet function was investigated in 15 patients with nephrotic syndrome.Platelet counts and bleeding time [duke method and template Ivy method] were normal, but platelet retention was elevated in 58.3% of patients. Platelet factor 3 activity was normal. β-TG, however, was strikingly high and its average value was 142.6ng/ml. Spontaneous platelet aggregation was observed in 46.7% of patients, and platelet aggregation was enhanced in response to low concentration of ADP and collagen. Enhanced platelet aggregation was significantly correlated with serum total protein level and serum albumin level negatively.Keywords:
Serum Albumin
Platelet adhesiveness
To determine whether there was a difference between pre- and posthemodialysis serum albumin levels and, if so, whether that difference correlated with the amount of fluid removed during treatment.This descriptive study used a comparative data analysis strategy.287 paired measurements of pre- and post-hemodialysis serum albumin levels were collected from 46 patients in a midwestern hemodialysis center.Pre- and posthemodialysis serum albumin levels were obtained using the bromcresol green method.The pretreatment mean for serum albumin levels was 3.875 gm/dL (SD .4) and the posttreatment mean was 4.273 gm/dL (SD .599), significant at p < 0.0001. The amount of fluid removed during treatment was strongly correlated with the difference between pre- and posttreatment albumin levels (R = .6149; p < 0.0001). When data were sub-divided into three groups according to the amount of fluid removed during treatment, the mean differences between pre- and post hemodialysis albumin were significant at p < 0.0001.The strong correlation with fluid removed during hemodialysis suggests that fluid overload may be responsible for the significantly higher posttreatment albumin values in most patients.
Serum Albumin
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Bush and Reed reported (Clin Chem 1987;33:821-3) that the reaction of albumin with bromcresol purple but not with bromcresol green underestimated the concentration of albumin in synthetically obtained bilirubin-albumin (Bd) by 29%. Their unproven assumption was that chemically synthesized Bd behaved in a manner indistinguishable from the natural Bd in icteric serum. Here we verify that Bd, whether synthetically obtained or isolated from serum, causes an underestimation of albumin in the bromcresol purple but not in the bromcresol green method. The molar ratio of Bd from either source to underestimated albumin approximates 1.0, suggesting that one molecule of Bd would react equivalently to a molecule of albumin in the bromcresol purple method. This underestimation might falsely suggest hypoalbuminemia in patients with increased serum Bd.
Serum Albumin
Serum bilirubin
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Serum Albumin
Catabolism
Ceruloplasmin
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Abnormalities in albumin metabolism in nephrotic syndrome are still controversial. In an attempt to clarify the pathogenesis of the alteration in albumin metabolism in nephrotic syndrome. 131I-human serum albumin (131I-HSA) of 10 microCi loading was intravenously injected to 10 nephrotic (7 minimal change, 3 membranous nephropathy) and 3 non-nephrotic patients. Kinetic study was made by means of two compartment analysis following the 131I-HSA administration. The results were as follows: 1. Albumin synthesis decreased to some extent in nephrotic syndrome. 2. Absolute albumin catabolic rate decreased in nephrotic syndrome. 3. Fractional disappearance rate of albumin (FDR) and albumin turnover rate increased in association with progression of nephrotic syndrome. Both albumin escape into the extravascular pool and urinary excretion rate of albumin also increased. 4. In comparison of two types of nephrotic syndrome, minimal change and membranous nephropathy, it was found that, although renal and peripheral vascular permeabilities increased in both types, minimal change tended to show higher permeability than membranous nephropathy.
Membranous Nephropathy
Serum Albumin
Nephrosis
Catabolism
Minimal change disease
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Albumin infusion is one of the therapeutic options in hypoalbuminemia patients. Serum albumin can be used to determine the albumininfusion therapy, prognosis and monitoring of liver cirrhosis. The time difference in measurement of serum albumin by bromcresol green(BCG) and bromcresol purple (BCP) methods can give different results. Serum albumin examination was done in 20 sera taken fromcirrhosis patients. Serum albumin was then evaluated before treatment, one (1) hour and 24 hours after the patient received an infusionof albumin and examined by bromcresol green (BCG) and bromcresol purple (BCP) methods. The serum albumin level by BCG methodincreased with a coefficient of 0.12 (p-value=0.022) with BCG method before (1.94±0.32 mg/dL) and after one (1) hour (2.06±0.32mg/dL) receiving intravenous albumin. The coefficient of albumin levels before and after 24 hours (2.12±0.38 mg/dL) was 0.18 (pvalue=0.07), whereas the increased levels of serum albumin after one (1) hour and after 24 hours of intravenous albumin, were notsignificant (p-value=0.467). The BCP method showed that serum albumin before, after one (1) hour and after 24 hours receivingintravenous albumin were 1.68±0.36 mg/dL, 1.87±0.36 mg/dL and 2.12±0.63 mg/dL respectively. The albumin levels showed asignificant increase before and after one (1) hour infusion of albumin (p-value=0.00), both levels shown before and after 24 hours(p-value=0.001), as well as one (1) hour and 24 hours after receiving intravenous albumin (p-value=0.04). The results of this studyshowed that increased serum albumin by BCG method could be detected after 1 (one) hour, whereas by BCP method could only be detectedafter 24 hours receiving intravenous albumin.
Hypoalbuminemia
Serum Albumin
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Studies have been made on the molecular weight and amino acid composition of albumin from the blood serum and liver, as well as on its content in liver extracts and in the blood serum of male rabbits at the age of 1, 30, 180, and 720 days. During postnatal life, quantitative changes in the amino acid composition of the proteins investigated take place, which are more significant in liver albumin than in serum albumin. Albumin content of the blood serum and liver extracts decreases at later ontogenetic stages (in 180- and 720-day animals), which is presumably associated with the decrease in synthesis of this protein by the liver. The molecular weight of the albumin remains constant in all age groups being typical for serum albumin of vertebrates.
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Serum Albumin
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Hypoalbuminemia
Serum Albumin
Liver disease
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The interaction of long-chain fatty acids with cells is important for their uptake and metabolism, as well as their involvement in signalling processes. The majority of long-chain fatty acids circulating in plasma exist as complexes with serum albumin. Thus an understanding of the involvement of serum albumin in these processes is vitally important. The effect of serum albumin on the uptake of long-chain fatty acids was studied in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Serum albumin had a stimulatory effect on oleate uptake at all ratios of oleate: serum albumin tested. Furthermore, the rate of oleate uptake was saturable with increasing concentrations of serum albumin when the oleate: serum albumin ratio, and therefore the concentration of uncomplexed oleate, remained constant. This was not due to uptake being limited by dissociation of oleate from serum albumin, because oleate did not appear to be limiting. Furthermore, at very high ratios of oleate: serum albumin, when the concentration of uncomplexed oleate was predicted to be large relative to the amount of oleate taken up by cells, the rate of oleate uptake was still dependent on the albumin concentration. Serum albumin, covalently labelled with the photoreactive fatty acid 11-m-diazirinophenoxy[11-3H]undecanoate, bound to cells in a manner exhibiting both saturable (Kd 66.7 microM) and non-saturable processes. These results indicate that the stimulatory effect of serum albumin on the rate of oleate uptake is due to a direct interaction of serum albumin with the cells and point to an involvement of albumin binding sites in the cell surface in the cellular uptake of long-chain fatty acids.
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Serum albumin concentration is commonly used as an index of nutritional status and as an indicator of nutritional response in hospitalized patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). One hundred thirty-nine cancer patients receiving TPN for at least two weeks were studied. Albumin intake, serum albumin, fluid balance, and weight change was monitored from 14 to 100 days of TPN. Patients were classified into three groups: A) patients receiving no exogenous albumin; B) patients receiving less than 25 grams of exogenous albumin; and C) patients receiving at least 25 grams of exogenous albumin during their course of TPN. Linear regression analysis of serum albumin levels vs. time on TPN showed a minimal positive correlation for patients in groups B and C (r = 0.154 and r = 0.183, respectively). Further analysis showed a significant elevation of serum albumin levels only in patients in group C (p ± 0.05). Contingency table analysis showed statistically significant increase in the incidence of sepsis in patients treated with exogenous albumin (X2 = 10.50, df = 2, p < 0.01). There was no relationship between the change in serum albumin concentrations and the number of patient deaths. In addition, no relationship between tumor burden and subsequent response of serum albumin levels were identified. Serum albumin levels do not increase in cancer patients receiving TPN, unless exogenous albumin is given. Serum albumin appears to be a poor index of nutritional response in cancer patients receiving TPN.
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