The Relationship between Religion and Culture in Cultural Policy-Making
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Despite the development of cultural policy-making, issues such as the definitions and interpretations of culture, its role in policy-making, and its relationship with other social institutions such as religion are of great significance. Given the centrality of religion in Iranian culture and cultural policies in Iran, an important and fundamental issue is the relationship between religion and culture in social and sociological theories. This important relationship has central significance in cultural policy-making. Classical thinkers in social sciences have all tried to answer this question. The present article tries to consider this issue by analyzing the theories of some sociological thinkers who have carried out extensive studies on religion and culture. The key point is that all these theorists have considered religion in the society and as a social phenomenon; thus religion is a part of culture and society and is positioned under these concepts. Therefore, a deliberate generalization of religion to different cultural areas and policies not only results in fattening up the religion, but also leads to inefficiency of cultural systems.Cite
The study of religion has its historical origin in the confessional education of religious functionaries, which has influenced the structuring of the study. The order of the topics studied has been, as a rule, first, languages relevant for the study of the normative texts, then the interpretation of these texts, followed by the historical development within the religion, its doctrines (systematic theology), and its practical application (ethics, practical theology). This order of the study is very relevant for priests, pastors, and preachers. It has a certain normative purpose. But it is problematic when the same structure is followed in the empirical study, description, and analysis of how religious tradition is selected and functions in the contemporary, modern, globalized society. A more appropriate structuring is a combination of psychological, sociological, and political approaches, taking into account that religions constitute very changing phenomena, that religious belonging is only one of an individual’s many “identities,” and that religious leaders and their pronouncements are not very representative for the actual functions of religion for the individual, the society, and the political life. The problematic is illustrated by a number of doctoral dissertations from the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.
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The paper analyses the relation between media and the Eastern Orthodox religion - the dominant religion in Romania. We will examine three contexts: (1) the existing sociological theories on religion and their relevance for understanding the Orthodox world today, (2) the religious media and (3) the secular media in Romania. The paper argues that the relationship between media and religion in the Eastern Orthodox world is difficult to explain using the nowadays theoretical framework of the sociology of religion. Therefore, we choose to use the „religious publicization‟ hypothesis in our attempt to explain the increasing use of religious symbols and themes, in the Romanian public sphere.
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Religion always go hand in hand with economic science, moreover the both is un-separated part of analysis to explain behaviour of economic. In the western and mainstream economic, the significance impact of religion in socially, politically, and economically complex world standing lag behind the perception of religion and economic itself. Beside interconnected between religion or ideology to economic science, this paper tries to examine some philosophical determinants of economic consequences of Islam, and through its worldview and epistemology, Islamic economic is an outstanding economic science because the religion and ideological matter coherently in its body of science.
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Economic Thought
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Cross-cultural psychology
Cultural Psychology
Psychology of religion
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Abstract In the social sciences, debate on the relationship between religion and politics is mainly the subject of analysis in the sociology of religion and the theory of international relations. While each of these fields promotes different approaches to study their interdependency. The individual's perception of religion and politics is neglected by current research. The faithful, who participates in religious ceremonies, listening and behaving according to specific religious teachings, actively engaging in the liturgical life of the institutional form of his religion, has a specific way of understanding the relationship between religion and politics. I argue that this aspect is under-researched and misrepresented in the literature of sociology and international relations. However, a more complex analysis is offered by the study of nationalism, and especially by its ethnosymbolic approach, which includes at the micro and macro societal level the presence of myths and symbols as part of the individual's and the nation's life. An integrative theory analysing the connection between religion and politics takes into account the role of myths and symbols from the perspectives of both individuals and ethnic communities.
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This course addresses religious belief systems (religions) and their secular counterparts (ideologies) and their institutional arrangements. It focuses on relationships between these systems and the larger social structure, in cross-cultural and historical perspective. As a sociology course, it is concerned with the following questions:
•How does religion/ideology influence society and individual or group behavior?
•How does society influence religion/ideology?
•What role does religion play in modern society?
Sociology of religion
Belief system
Sociology of Knowledge
Systematic ideology
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The main aim of the article is discussion of the conceptual framework for defining religion from a sociological perspective. One of the possible orderings of its development is showing historical periods and conceptual streams. As far as history is concerned the author distinguishes three periods: classical, post-classical and contemporary, showing dominant themes and ways of approaching religion in each of them. An alternative way of ordering is proposed in the second part of the article based on the source of religious change identified as the crucial point by sociologists working on theories of religion. There are three perspectives in identifying religious change: giving priority to individuals, to social systems and to religion itself. Every perspective has some outcomes for understanding the place of religion in social and individual life. The last part of the article is devoted to presenting the impact of religious conceptions on interpretational disputes between sociologists of religion.
Sociological Imagination
Sociological Theory
Sociology of religion
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Anthropological studies of religion have been largely concerned with belief, with ritual, and with the general integrative significance of religious institutions for society. But many issues in the power relations of religious affiliation are still not clear. The political implications of religion involve grave practical as well as theoretical problems. Abstractly, religion and politics are often conceived as opposed; concretely, they interact. While religion can be a powerful political instrument, it can also adapt to political ends and generate its own political structures. In contrast to the broadly affirmative role assigned by anthropologists to religion in society is Karl Marx's thesis of religion as political ideology. Reasons for granting some validity to this position but also for questioning its basic assumptions are given. The whole analysis is illustrated by a wide range of examples, from Polynesian ethnography to the history of Christianity and of Islam, and the situation of religion in modem socialist states .
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Religion has a two-way interaction with political economy. With religion viewed as a dependent variable, a central question is how economic development and political institutions affect religious participation and beliefs. With religion viewed as an independent variable, a key issue is how religiosity affects individual characteristics, such as work ethic, honesty, and thrift, and thereby influences economic performance. In this paper, we sketch previous studies of this two-way interaction but focus on our ongoing quantitative research with international data.
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The volume Religion beyond its Private Role in Modern Society aims at contributing to the debate on the distinction between public and private spheres with regard to the role of religion in modern societies. This issue which is inherent to many conceptions regarding social order, modernity, freedom of conscience, and the changing role and function of religion is discussed not only from a social scientific but also from a historical and philosophical point of view. The articles dwell on several aspects of the role of religion in different societies in modern times, and the overall theme is explored from the perspective of various religious traditions and groups, both institutional and non-institutional. It turns out that the distinction made is difficult to maintain.
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