Within the Living Plant. An Introduction to Plant Physiology.Erston V. Miller
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Gymnosperm
Miller
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Scholarly responses to Henry Miller’s works have never been numerous and for many years Miller was not a fashionable writer for literary studies. In fact, there exist only three collections of essays concerning Henry Miller’s oeuvre. Since these books appeared, a new generation of international Miller scholars has emerged, one that is re-energizing critical readings of this important American Modernist.
Miller
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Euphorbia motuogensis M. T. Li, X. Z. Lan, H. P. Deng & W. L. Zheng, sp. nov., a new species from Motuo, Tibet, China, is described and illustrated here. It is closely similar to Euphorbia sikkimensis in having terete root, alternate leaves, well-developed pseudoumbellate inflorescence, cyathium, smooth and glaborus capsule, but Euphorbia motuogensis is clealy distinguishable by its pilose stems, involucral leaves color, secondary involucral leaves absent, cyathophylls number and color, and five similar glands. Furthermore, molecular phylogenetic analyses of sequences from both nuclear ribosomal ITS confirm that this species is distinct from morphologically similar species in this subgenus.
Euphorbiaceae
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Euphorbia
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Contemporary reviews of leaf responses to sunflecks indicate gymnosperms exhibit slower photosynthetic inductions times than angiosperms, but the gymnosperms were represented exclusively by conifers. I recently reported that the gymnosperm Cycas micronesica exhibited photosynthetic induction times in conformity with some of the most rapid angiosperms and opined that representatives from non-conifer gymnosperms must be added to the published conifer database before gymnosperm-wide conclusions can be formulated. Guiding principles for this urgently needed research will maximize relevance and improve accuracy of conclusions.
Gymnosperm
Relevance
Conformity
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ACP were observed the leaf tissue of the monocots Avena sativa and Hordeum vulgare and dicots including Arabidopsis thallina, Cuphea wrightii, and Brassica napus. Lower vascular plants including the cycad, Dioon edule, Ginkgo biloba, the gymnosperm Pinus, the fern Anernia phyllitidis and Psilotum nudum, the most primitive known extant vascular plant, were also found to have multiple ACP isoforms as were the nonvascular liverwort, Marchantia and moss, Polytrichum. Therefore, the development of ACP isoforms occurred early in evolution. However, the uniellular alge Chlamydomonas and Dunaliella and the photosynthetic cyanobacteria Synechocystis and Agmnellum have only a single elecrophotetic form of ACP. Thus, multiple forms of ACP do not occur in all photosynthetic organisms but may be associated with multicellular plants.
Gymnosperm
Marchantia polymorpha
Vascular tissue
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A microprojectile based transient expression assay was used to investigate the func tional conservation of gene regulatory mechanisms in the male gametophytes of an angiosperm (.Nicotiana tabacum) and two gymnospermous (Picea abies and Pinus pinaster) species.The activities of two angiosperm gene promoters, which have previously shown to be either preferentially expressed in the male gametophyte (lat52) or highly expressed in both the sporophyte and male gametophyte (A ct\), were analysed.The results showed that in P. abies and P. : pinaster, activity of the Actl promoter was significantly higher than the activity of the lat52 promoter, while the converse was observed in N. tabacum.Detailed analysis of Iat52 5' promoter deletions demonstrated that although the minimal -67 bp lat52 core promoter was active at low levels in all three species, upstream regulatory elements conserved among several pollen-expressed genes, including the PBI element, were not functional in P. abies and P. pinaster.These results suggest that both taxa-specific and conserved regulatory mechanisms operate Lo control gene expression during pollen germination and tube growth.
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Abstract The pollen morphology of Libocedrus plumosa, L. bidwillii, and Libocedrus plumosa, L. bidwillii is described using light and electron microscopy. Unlike other New Zealand gymnosperm species the pollen of these species do not have sacci. A primitive germ pore is found in the pollen of both Libocedrus species. The results obtained from germination tests with L. bidwillii fail to assist in explaining its function.
Cupressaceae
Gymnosperm
Morphology
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Abstract The present report is based on a cytological data base on 614 (56.0 %) of the total 1104 recognized species and 82 (90.0 %) of the 88 recognized genera of gymnosperms. Family Cycadaceae and many genera of Zamiaceae show intrageneric uniformity of somatic numbers, the genus Zamia is represented by a range of number from 2n=16-28. Ginkgo , Welwitschia and Gentum show 2n=24, 2n=42, and 2n=44 respectively. Ephedra shows a range of polyploidy from 2x-8x based on n=7. The family Pinaceae as a whole shows 2n=24except for Pseudolarix and Pseudotsuga with 2n=44 and 2n=26 respectively. Araucariaceae constantly shows 2n=26 while Podocarpaceae has a range of 2n=18-38. Sciadopityaceae and Cupressaceae are represented by 2n=20 and 2n=22 respectively. Taxaceae shows variable numbers of 2n=24, 36 and 22. Polyploidy is exceptional being represented by 8.0 % of the taxa studied. B-chromosomes have been studied in 31 taxa while heteromorphic sex chromosomes have been reported in some dioecious taxa.
Podocarpaceae
Gymnosperm
Pinaceae
Cupressaceae
Chromosome number
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Gymnosperm
Herbarium
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Four kinds of gymnosperm stem's xylem was observed and researched.Finally counted and surveyed the tracheids' diameters,and the increased condiation of tracheid wall's thickness,which belonged to different of gymnosperm xylem.The gymnosperm xylem was elaborated from anatomical angle.
Gymnosperm
Tracheid
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