Recent advances in basin modeling in petroleum industry
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Basin modelling
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During the development of oil and gas exploration technology,seismic stratigraphy,sequence stratigraphy and seismic sedimentology have been successively developed based on the combination of seismic techniques and geology.Seismic stratigraphy is used to discovery the relationships among seismic reflection phase and geologic horizon and sedimentary facies.The sequence stratigraphy is applied to analyze the genetic relationships among seismic reflection characteristics and geological structure,rock deposit.Being a new research method,seismic sedimentology is adopted to find the inherence relations existing among special seismic processing,interpretation,seismic attributes and sedimentary characteristics.A development tendency of oil and gas exploration is to apply the third-order seismic attributes to identify the seismic reservoirs and fluids.The basic concept,basic principle,methods and seismics-geology integrated interpretation are comprehensively expounded,and the applications in continental lacustrine basins are analyzed.As a result,the development tendencyofcomprehensive technologyand methods for seismics-geologyis proposed.
Sequence Stratigraphy
Reflection
Historical geology
Seismic attribute
Petroleum geology
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The three-dimensional mapping of time-bounded bodies of rock (chronosomes, after Schultz, 1982) forms the basis of quantitative prediction of both rock properties and biostratigraphy in the subsurface as discussed in the accompanying paper by Griffiths and Nordlund.Over fifty chronosomes from the Paleocene of the North Sea have been mapped in threedimensions. Quantitative shape functions are coupled with digital terrain analysis of the chronosome lower surfaces to increase predictive potential. The results are related to conventional two-dimensional seismic stratigraphy and the relative sea-level curve at different locations on the basin margin. Inter-well correlations, and lithological controls on biostratigraphy are discussed in three-dimensions.
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This publication is designed to introduce the concepts and techniques of quantitative modeling of basin subsidence histories. The book also describes some of the methods and results of modeling the development of sedimentary sequences generated by the interaction of subsidence, sediment supply, and sea-level changes. It concentrates on the theory and application of subsidence and stratigraphic modeling by working through specific examples from real or artificial basin sequences
Basin modelling
Back-stripping
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This paper summarizes the history of seismic sedimentology,with a brief discussion of its definition,geologic and geophysical background,key techniques,and future developments.Seismic sedimentology is a new geoscience discipline that has been gaining support from industry and academia both in western countries and in China.Seismic sedimentology is closely related to seismic stratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy,with an emphasis on study of sedimentary rocks and depositional processes.Under current technology,seismic sedimentology is an integration of seismic lithology and seismic geomorphology.The procedure is benefited from a technical breakthrough that images seismically-thin beds by phantom mapping within a time-equivalent seismic stratigraphic framework,which makes a better use of seismic horizontal resolution power.Ninety-degree phasing and stratal slicing are two key,practice and economic techniques.In China,new developments of seismic sedimentology in near future may occur in seismic lithologic methods,seismic depositional models,and study guidelines that are tailored for different types of non-marine basins.
Lithology
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Margin (machine learning)
Passive margin
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Summary The overburden is an essential part of the petroleum system. It provides the reservoir seal and host a significant part of the production facilities, and reservoir depletion might trigger severe deformations in the overburden compromising both seal and infrastructure integrity. In addition, the initial in-situ conditions in the reservoir (geo-stresses, pore pressure, fractures etc.) are result of the weight of the overlaying sediments. However, since the dawn of the O&G Industry, the main focus of the predictive, modelling and data acquisition efforts was the reservoir, thus, there is a massive lack of data (core samples, logs etc.) and significant gaps in our understanding of the medium and its reaction to our E&P activities.
Deep time
Geologic time scale
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Abstract Recent developments in hydrocarbon (HC) exploration have necessitated the strengthening and greater integration of geologic model building. Robust basin modeling requires a two-step procedure consisting of constructing reliable input frameworks that are consistent with available data and geologic interpretations and related geohistory processes and conducting basin simulation tests to explore and determine the confidence level of modeling results. Integrating structural components such as faulting and salt movement is a key element and requires their restoration through time. These restorations impact our understanding of basin development, HC migration patterns, fetch areas, as well as the assessment of potential HC volumes. The granularity or resolution of the stratigraphic input may also alter the modeled migration pattern, including the relative importance of lateral and vertical components and distance. Key modeling input parameters include the source rock distribution through time and space. This input can be developed through the integration of geochemical data with stratigraphy, paleo-bathymetric framework, and other basin specific conditions (e.g., paleolatitude). As a result, a 3-D framework of organic richness and kerogen type can be developed. The restorations and interpretations are imbedded within the basin modeling workflow and iteratively interact with the basin's burial history modeling. This iterative approach along with the numeric simulator accomplishes the integration and optimization of the input geologic model and directly yields more realistic modeling results consistent with the basin's specific geology. Finally, in order to capture the full range of uncertainty in the petroleum system and to objectively evaluate the hydrocarbon potential and risks in the basin, a suite of simulations need to be performed using a probabilistic approach to determine the confidence level to be placed on the HC volume potential and risks in the analyzed basin.
Basin modelling
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